Cervical stenosis is one of the uterine abnormalities that causes infertility in women. The cervical os is narrower than normal and in some cases even completely closed, leading to the obstruction of sperm from finding the egg for fertilization and making it difficult for assisted reproductive treatment methods.

Cervical conization is a procedure used to treat early-stage cervical cancer. This procedure may affect a woman’s ability to become pregnant or cause miscarriage in the future.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common genital cancers in women in developing countries and is a major cause of death in women. Cervical conization is a procedure that involves removing a cone-shaped portion of the cervix to remove damaged tissue, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage cervical cancer.