Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of pain syndromes caused by abnormalities in the sphincter's ability to contract. There is a link between sphincter of Oddi disorder and chronic pancreatitis, however, it is not clear whether this is a cause-and-effect relationship.

In recent years, alcohol is becoming the main cause of acute pancreatitis. If left untreated, acute pancreatitis can cause bleeding, severe tissue damage, infection, and cysts.