What is a toxoid vaccine?

This is an automatically translated article.

The principle of using vaccines is to introduce into the body antigens derived from pathogenic microorganisms or microorganisms with antigenic structure similar to pathogenic microorganisms, which have been prepared to ensure safety. necessary, causing the body to create a state of self-immunity against the pathogen (ie, artificial active immunity). The four commonly used vaccines are live attenuated vaccines, whole inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and attenuated vaccines.

1. Antidote vaccines

Toxoid vaccines are made based on toxins produced by bacteria (eg, tetanus or diphtheria toxoids).
There are some cases where the pathology appears not directly caused by bacteria, but produced by bacterial toxins. The toxin enters the bloodstream and causes symptoms, for example in the case of tetanus, the symptoms present in the patient are not caused by the bacteria tetanus (Clostridium tetani), but by the neurotoxin tetanospasmin secreted by tetanus bacteria.
Toxins of a protein nature are rendered harmless and used as antigens for vaccine production. This treatment usually uses chemicals (such as formalin), but other methods (such as heat treatment) can also be used. The manufacturing process allows the toxin to be absorbed into the excipients, which are aluminum salts or calcium salts, to increase the effectiveness of the immune response.
In terms of nature, antitoxin vaccines are completely suitable to be grouped in the group of inactivated vaccines, but there are still classifications that place antitoxin vaccines into separate groups to emphasize the composition of the vaccine. it contains processed toxins.

The antitoxin vaccine is completely safe for users, has high stability, is less sensitive to changes in temperature, humidity and light (so the preservation process is also much easier than other vaccines). vaccines that require the same strict storage conditions as live attenuated vaccines).
Currently available antitoxin vaccines are diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid.
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Articles refer to sources: vaccines.gov, who.int