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Continuous sneezing with runny nose, dry throat, stuffy nose are symptoms that occur frequently, causing discomfort for people with allergic rhinitis. Finding the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis is the desire of any patient.1. Definition of allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a common disease in many people. Rhinitis occurs when the mucous membrane (membrane lining the inside of the nose) becomes inflamed when an infected person breathes in an allergen (allergen) such as dust, smoke, hair, silk, etc. and sneezing is a form of reaction. body to fight this allergen. This is a benign disease, but causes a lot of discomfort in the patient's daily life.
Trắc nghiệm: Bận rộn có ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe của bạn không?
Cuộc sống hiện đại khiến chúng ta vì quá bận rộn mà quên chăm sóc sức khỏe cho chính mình. Ai cũng biết rằng lịch trình làm việc cả ngày có thể khiến bạn kiệt sức, nhưng cụ thể bận rộn ảnh hưởng thế nào tới sức khỏe? Hãy cùng làm thử bài trắc nghiệm dưới đây.
2. Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
Climate change, environmental pollution is one of the big factors causing allergy imbalance. Allergic imbalance, along with local susceptibility and exposure to allergens, are important factors related to the etiology and incidence of allergic rhinitis. When the nasal mucosa is exposed to an allergen, the body's immune system will produce a natural chemical called histamine to protect the body from external harmful agents. This substance is the cause of the symptoms and causes of allergic rhinitis.
Viêm mũi dị ứng tuy không gây nguy hiểm cho người bệnh nhưng gây ra nhiều phiền toái trong cuộc sống
Some common causes of allergic rhinitis:
Sensitization: often genetic factors
Exposure to allergens or allergens:
Allergens through the airways: dust, weevils, Animal hair, pollen,... Allergies through ingestion: foods such as eggs, milk, seafood Allergies to drug components: usually antibiotics, especially penicillin, aspirin, vaccines. Allergic imbalance: When allergies are out of balance, allergic rhinitis will appear when there are favorable factors such as:
Massive exposure to allergens, exceeding the threshold Mental factors: stress , stress Endocrine disorders: women's menstrual period, perimenopause, oral contraceptives Climatic factors: humidity, temperature, concentration of ions in the atmosphere,... adversely affect the patient. allergies, especially respiratory allergies, environmental pollution factors, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, vitamin D deficiency due to lack of sunlight, diet or heavy use of alcohol, tobacco Virus and bacteria: mucous membranes with edema, the ciliary system is paralyzed due to inflammation, increasing the responsiveness to allergens, reducing the protective ability of the mucosa.
3. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis
Most people with allergic rhinitis will have symptoms such as: constant sneezing; have a runny nose ; itching of the nose, eyes, throat, skin, or other areas of the body; cough; stuffy nose; sore or itchy throat; weep; the appearance of dark circles under the eyes; frequent headaches; rash; tired.
In case there is a history of asthma, eczema, atopic dermatitis, urticaria or nasal endoscopy examination, the nasal mucosa is pale, edematous, clear nasal discharge are also symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
4. Classification of allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is classified according to the International Association of Allergic Rhinitis based on the duration of the disease, symptoms as well as the impact of the disease on quality of life, including:
Allergic rhinitis Intermittent: Symptoms of the disease persist for less than 4 days/week or less than 4 weeks/year. Persistent allergic rhinitis: Symptoms of the disease persist for more than 4 days/week and more than 4 weeks/year.
5. Treatments for allergic rhinitis
5.1 Specific treatment: The method used is to alter the patient's immune response through desensitization, if the cause of the allergy is found. With this measure, the cause of the allergy will introduce into the patient's body an increasing amount of extracts from the allergen (like in vaccine production) to create antibodies to surround, change the way the body responds to the disease. Allergen with the same dose of allergen increases gradually, at intervals.
Chuyên khoa Tai Mũi Họng - Bệnh viện Đa khoa Quốc tế Vinmec địa chỉ khám và điều trị các bệnh lý tai mũi họng
5.2 Drug treatment: The doctor will base on the patient's medical condition to prescribe medicine to relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Drug treatment is mainly symptomatic or preventive, so it can only control the disease or reduce symptoms for a period of time during and after taking the drug for a short time. Medications commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis include:
Antibiotics, oral steroids, sprays, oral vasoconstrictors, local sugar vasoconstrictors Oral antihistamines, sprays Anticholinergics, release inhibitors granules of mast cells Anti-leukotrienes. If you are taking other medications, consult your doctor.
5.3 Surgical treatment: Allergic rhinitis surgical treatment is indicated for cases of allergic rhinitis with polyps, degenerative nasal sphincter, some favorable anatomical factors such as deviation. partition wall, septum septum.
5.4 Have a suitable lifestyle The most effective way to treat allergic rhinitis is to avoid contact and inhalation of allergens by having a suitable lifestyle, for example, using air conditioners instead of air conditioners. Leaving the windows open will help you avoid exposure to pollen, smoke, or dust. Or be careful when changing weather, regulate humidity, warm, prevent respiratory infections; Pay attention to keeping the nose clean, treat allergic rhinitis with physiological saline to wash the nose. Avoid damage to the nasal mucosa by not picking your nose with your hands. Eat and drink, avoid raw, cold and fishy foods, avoid alcohol, and avoid tobacco smoke. Avoid stress, stimulants and reduce aspirin use. Persist in physical exercise to improve body resistance, reduce obesity. Thoroughly treat infections in the nose, sinuses and oral cavity.
Ear, nose and throat specialist - Vinmec International General Hospital specializes in examining and treating common ENT diseases such as: rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, tonsillitis, sore throat, tinnitus ear, non-allergic rhinitis, throat cancer; tumors of the head, face and neck, congenital malformations of the ear, nose and throat area by common surgical methods.
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