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Phenytoin 100mg is indicated for the treatment of major seizures, partial seizures and also psychomotor seizures. Do not use this medicine for minor seizures. To use the drug effectively and safely, users should learn about the effects of phenytoin and the appropriate dose for each subject.
1. What is the effect of phenytoin?
Phenytoin medicine 100mg has the main ingredient is Phenytoin, a derivative of hydantoin. Phenytoin drug's effect is anticonvulsant and causes drowsiness, so it is indicated for the following cases:
Treatment of epilepsy, other partial seizures; Treatment of psychomotor-motor epilepsy.
2. Instructions for using Phenytoin
Phenytoin 100mg is made in the form of tablets, used orally. To reduce stomach irritation when taking the drug, users should take phenytoin with or immediately after a meal. Dosage of Phenytoin is suggested as follows:
For adults and adolescents:
Initial dose: Oral 100-125mg/time, divided into 3 times/day; Every 7-10 days adjust the dose according to actual needs; Maintenance dose: 300-400mg/day. For children:
Initial dose: Take 5mg/kg/day, divided 2-3 times/day; Adjust dose as needed but should not exceed 300mg/day; Maintenance dose: Take 4-8mg/kg/day, divided into 2-3 times. Particularly for the elderly, people with severe disease or patients with liver failure, the dose should be reduced, because of the slow metabolism of phenytoin or reduced plasma protein binding.
For obese patients, the entire dose should be calculated based on ideal body weight plus 1.33 times the ideal body weight excess, because phenytoin is highly distributed in fat.
For the correct and appropriate dose of Phenytoin 100mg for your condition, you should consult your doctor or healthcare professional.
Thuốc Phenytoin 100mg có thành phần chính là Phenytoin, một dẫn chất của hydantoin
3. Phenytoin side effects
As noted, almost 100% of patients taking Phenytoin will experience some unwanted side effects. The most common is drowsiness and decreased ability to concentrate.
Common side effects:
Dizziness, drowsiness; Low serum folic acid levels; nystagmus, ataxia, tremor of extremities; Hyperplasia of the digestive system; Exanthema, urticaria, hirsutism; Increased transaminases in the liver; Visual disturbances. Uncommon side effects:
Nausea and vomiting; Undigested; Lymphadenopathy (fever, enlarged lymph nodes, rash). Rare side effects:
Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia; Atrioventricular block ; Hepatitis; Stevens-Johnson syndrome ; Confusion; Increased blood glucose, osteomalacia. If you experience any of the above undesirable side effects, the patient should promptly notify the doctor for timely support and advice.
4. Note when using Phenytoin drug
Contraindicated using Phenytoin 100mg in the following cases:
Patients with hypersensitivity to derivatives of hydantoin; People with porphyria. In addition, it is also necessary to be careful when using Phenytoin 100mg for the following subjects:
Patients with kidney failure, liver failure, diabetes; People who often have to drive vehicles and operate machinery; Pregnant women.
Chóng mặt, buồn ngủ là tác dụng phụ của thuốc Phenytoin
5. Phenytoin drug interactions
Phenytoin drugs can interact with the following drugs:
Coumarin or indandion derivatives, Cimetidine, Chloramphenicol, Isoniazid, Ranitidine, Phenylbutazone, Salicylates, Sulfonamides (increases serum phenytoin levels); Concomitant administration of Amiodarone with phenytoin increases the serum concentration of phenytoin; Estrogen, Carbamazepine, Corticosteroids (Mineralocorticoid, Glucocorticoid), Ciclosporin, Glycoside of digitalis, Furosemide, Doxycycline, Levodopa (reduced effect when used concomitantly with phenytoin); Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Haloperidol, Phenothiazines may lower the seizure threshold and reduce the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin; Co-administration of Phenytoin with calcium salts reduces the bioavailability of both drugs; Concomitant use of the antifungal drugs Fluconazole or Ketoconazole or Miconazole with phenytoin can reduce the metabolism of phenytoin, thereby increasing the concentration of phenytoin in the blood; Concomitant administration of Nifedipine , Verapamil with phenytoin may alter serum free phenytoin concentrations; Rifampicin stimulates the metabolism of phenytoin and the stomach pain medicine Omeprazole reduces the metabolism of phenytoin in the liver by inhibiting cytochrome P450; Drugs Valproic acid displaces phenytoin from plasma protein binding and inhibits phenytoin metabolism; Concomitant use of Xanthine (Aminophylline, theophylline, caffeine) with phenytoin will inhibit the absorption of phenytoin and stimulate the metabolism of xanthines in the liver. Phenytoin 100mg is indicated for the treatment of major, partial and psychomotor seizures. To ensure effectiveness and avoid unwanted side effects, patients need to take the drug according to a prescription or consult a doctor, professional pharmacist.
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