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Dactinomycin is an antibiotic that kills cancer cells. Dactinomycin works by inhibiting RNA and DNA, a compound essential for cell survival. The drug is used alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs to treat cancer.1. What is Dactinomycin?
Dactinomycin is an antibiotic that kills cancer cells. The drug dactinomycin works by inhibiting RNA and DNA, a compound essential for cell survival. Dactinomycin is used alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs to treat cancer. Dactinomycin slows or stops the growth of cancer cells.Dactinomycin is made in the form of 0.5 mg powder for intravenous injection.
2. Indications of Dactinomycin
Dactinomycin is specifically indicated in the following cases:
Patients with choriocarcinoma, also known as glioblastoma; Nephroblastoma also known as Wilms tumor; Patients with primary malignant bone tumor (Ewing's sarcoma); Malignant rhabdomyosarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma); Patients with testicular cancer; In addition, Dactinomycin is also indicated in some other cases when prescribed by a doctor.
3. Contraindications of Dactinomycin
Patients with low platelet count less than 150000/mm3. Patients with low white blood cell count less than 4000/mm3. Pregnant women and men planning to have children.
4. Dosage and how to take Dactinomycin
Dactinomycin is used as prescribed by the doctor. You can refer to the dose as follows:
Dosage of Dactinomycin for adults: For the treatment of patients with nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor): 15mcg/kg/day or 400-600 mcg/m2/day intravenously circuit within 5 days. For the treatment of Ewing's connective tissue cancer: 15mcg/kg/day or 400-600 mcg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days. For the treatment of testicular cancer: Dactinomycin 1000mcg/m2 intravenously on day 1, combined treatment with cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vinblastine and cisplatin. For the treatment of choriocarcinoma, also called trophoblastoma: intravenous injection of Dactinomycin 12mcg/kg body weight/day x 5 days or 500mcg intravenously on days 1 and 2 if used in combination with etoposide, methotrexate, folinic acid , Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin. For the treatment of malignancies: Dactinomycin 50 mcg/kg body weight for the lower extremities or pelvis or 35 mcg/kg body weight for the upper extremities is given intravenously. For the treatment of osteosarcoma: Dactinomycin 600mcg/m2/day intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3 in combination with chemotherapy. For the treatment of ovarian cancer: Dactinomycin 500mcg/day for 5 days every 4 weeks or 300mcg/m2/day for 5 days every 4 weeks. Dactinomycin dosage in children over 6 months of age: For the treatment of nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor): Dactinomycin 15mcg/kg body weight/day or 400-600mcg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days. The dose of dactinomycin may be repeated every 3-6 weeks. For the treatment of Ewing's connective tissue cancer: Dactinomycin 15mcg/kg body weight/day or 400-600mcg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days. The dose of Dactinomycin may be repeated every 3-6 weeks. For the treatment of testicular cancer: Dactinomycin 1000 mcg/m2 intravenously on day 1, combined treatment with cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vinblastine and cisplatin. For the treatment of malignancies: Dactinomycin 50 mcg/kg body weight for the lower extremities or pelvis or 35 mcg/kg body weight for the upper extremities is given intravenously. For the treatment of osteosarcoma: Dactinomycin 600mcg/m2/day intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3 in combination with chemotherapy. Note: Even when Dactinomycin is used carefully and correctly by healthcare professionals, Dactinomycin can cause burning sensation and pain due to the risk of drug leaking out of the vein at the injection site. cause tissue damage. If the injection area becomes swollen, red, or painful during and after Dactinomycin injection, tell your doctor right away. Absolutely do not apply anything to the skin at the injection site.
5. Dactinomycin side effects
Dactinomycin drug can cause many unwanted effects for users. The specific side effects of Dactinomycin are as follows:
Anaphylaxis; Infection, decreased white blood cell count, fever, chills; Anemia, decreased red blood cell count; Thrombocytopenia; Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; Tired ; Increased liver toxicity, increased liver enzymes, jaundice, yellow eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain, hepatic sinus obstruction; Hair is brittle, falling out; Rash, itching, allergic reactions, peeling of the skin; Increased appetite or loss of appetite; Mouth ulcers, inflammation of the oral mucosa ; Urinating less, blood in the urine or not urinating at all; Wounds that are difficult to heal; Chest pain, dry cough, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, trouble concentrating; Menstrual disorders, vaginal dryness, hot flashes in women, irregular sperm production or permanent cessation in men.
6. Caution
Tell your doctor if you have chickenpox or shingles. Your doctor may not prescribe Dactinomycin injection for you; Tell your doctor if you have had radiation therapy before or are currently receiving radiation therapy; Dactinomycin should be used with caution in patients with liver, kidney, bone marrow diseases, infectious diseases.
7. Drug interactions
Dactinomycin can interact with specific drugs and foods as follows:
Rotavirus vaccine, live virus; Adenovirus type 4 vaccine, live virus; Adenovirus type 7 vaccine, live virus; Calmette and Guerin vaccines, live viruses; Cobicistat; Influenza vaccine, live virus; Measles vaccine, live virus; Mumps vaccine, live virus; Rubella vaccine, live virus; Typhoid vaccine, chickenpox vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, smallpox vaccine,... Dactinomycin can increase liver toxicity, increase liver enzymes, jaundice, yellow eyes, liver sinus congestion. Therefore, while taking Dactinomycin, the patient should not use alcohol or beer because it increases the harm on the liver.
8. Dactinomycin drug storage
Store Dactinomycin at room temperature, in a cool, dry place, away from light and reach of children.
Above is information about Dactinomycin drug. To use Dactinomycin safely and effectively, patients need to take it exactly as prescribed by their doctor.
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