Thyroid cancer blood test indicators

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After the examination, the doctor will order a thyroid cancer test so that the entire thyroid function can be assessed. Although it is a common disease, thyroid cancer has a good prognosis in case patients are examined and detected early.

1. When is the thyroid cancer test done?

Thyroid cancer is caused by a thyroid hormone disorder, which can be an excess of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or a deficiency and release of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism). Thyroid cancer screening is done in the following cases:
Hyperthyroidism: Sudden weight loss, low-grade fever, fatigue, increased heart rate and blood pressure, tremors, muscle weakness, emotional disturbances, loss of exercise Central, irritable, frequent urination, diarrhea, swelling in the neck area, menstrual disorders. Hypothyroidism: Pale skin, cold person, reduced heart rate and blood pressure, hoarse voice, impaired memory, sluggishness, manifestations of depression, impaired sexual function. People at risk for thyroid cancer testing may be:
Women 25 years of age and older. People with immune system disorders. Children who have been exposed to radiation or people who have been living in an area at risk of radiation exposure (nuclear reactors). People with a family or personal history of thyroid diseases such as thyroiditis, goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.

2. Thyroid cancer blood test indicators

2.1. TSH - Thyroid cancer test index should be considered first

TSH stands for Thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain and is responsible for regulating the secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
TSH is considered a thyroid cancer test index that should be considered first because it allows to check the function of the thyroid gland, whether it is functioning normally or not. From there, as a basis for determining the cause and giving an appropriate treatment plan.
Normal TSH: 0.4 - 5 mIU/L. TSH <0.4 mIU/L: Excess thyroid hormone, hyperthyroidism. TSH >5 mIU/L: Thyroid hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism. In addition, the thyroid cancer test index TSH also allows prognosis and predicts the possibility of disease recurrence after treatment.

2.2. T3 and T4 - Important test for thyroid cancer

T3 and T4 are synthesized and released into the blood in two forms, bound to plasma proteins and free (FT3, FT4). Therefore, quantification of T3 and T4 includes testing for total T3 and T4 and FT3, FT4. It is also an important thyroid cancer test that allows the diagnosis of thyroid status, specifically:
Total T4: A normal total T4 value is in the range of 5.0-12.0 ng/dL. This index allows the diagnosis of patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, considered together with TSH and FT4. Free T4 (FT4): Normal FT4 values ​​are in the range of 0.8 – 1.8 ng/dL. When FT4 is high, it means that there is thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism. Conversely, decreased FT4 indicates impaired thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary function. Total T3: Quantitative T3 thyroid cancer test is indicated in cases of suspected hyperthyroidism. However, the FT4 value is within the normal range. This index allows the assessment and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to T3. When T3 increases, it is possible that the patient has thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. Free T3 (FT3): The FT3 test is similar to total T3, however FT3 is quite sensitive when diagnosing hyperthyroidism and in patients with hypothyroidism, FT3 remains normal. FT3 and FT4 are both increased in hyperthyroid patients, especially FT3 is increased more. Some cases of normal FT3 such as FT4 increase, the reason is that the patient also has a non-thyroid disease.

2.3 TG and anti-TG - Thyroid cancer test index before and after thyroid surgery

TG (thyroglobulin) and anti TG (anti thyroglobulin) are thyroid cancer test indicators used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of thyroid cancer, especially follicular and non-follicular thyroid cancers. papillae, are the two bodies that produce the highest concentrations of TG. Anti TG is assigned with TG to determine the true value of TG.
Normally, TG is in the range of 0.2 - 50 ng/mL, and anti-TG is <4 IU/mL. The lower the TG and anti-TG values, the better. The significant increase in TG is as follows:
Patients who have not been treated for thyroid cancer Patients who have been treated but whose thyroid cancer (follicular, papillary, Hürthle cell) has metastasized or is likely to recur. Increased TG is also common when testing for thyroid cancer in benign thyroid diseases such as acute thyroiditis, multinodular goiter, benign thyroid tumor, benign lymphoma, Basedow's disease, ... In children after At birth, low TG can range from 36 to 38 ng/mL. Therefore, when TG decreases, it is possible to diagnose hypothyroidism due to goiter in children or artificial thyrotoxicosis. In fact, TG and anti-TG are not significant in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer when the disease is asymptomatic. Therefore, tests for thyroid cancer usually include TSH, T3, T4, TG, and anti-TG.

2.4. Other thyroid cancer blood test indicators

Calcitonin: Is a specific index used to diagnose, detect and monitor medullary thyroid cancer. TPO-Ab (Anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibody): A “thyroid autoimmune” condition caused by the body producing thyroid antibodies against thyroid components, which can cause chronic thyroiditis, dysfunction of the thyroid gland. thyroid gland, hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer if prolonged. TRAb (TSH Receptor Antibodies): This index is used to evaluate Basedow's disease. Thyroid cancer is a disease that, if detected early, has a very high chance of treatment and recovery. Therefore, when you have signs of thyroid disease, you should go to medical centers for examination and treatment.
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