This is an automatically translated article.
The article was professionally consulted by BSCK II Pham Thi Tuyet Mai - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.Gestational diabetes testing is essential to protect the health of mother and baby from diabetes complications. So when is the ideal time to get tested for gestational diabetes? Let's find out in the article below!
1. What is gestational diabetes and what causes it?
Gestational diabetes, also known as gestational diabetes, is diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and is not known to have had type 1 and type 2 diabetes before.
Women in the first 3 months of pregnancy who are found to have hyperglycaemia are diagnosed with undiagnosed or undetected diabetes and use the diagnostic criteria of the non-pregnant.
The cause of gestational diabetes may be due to hormones produced by the placenta to help the fetus develop, however, these hormones can also prevent insulin from doing its job. When a pregnant mother's body cannot make enough insulin, blood sugar stays in place, this sugar is not converted into cellular energy, becomes redundant and insulin resistant.
If gestational diabetes is not detected and treated promptly, it will cause complications and dangerous consequences for both the pregnant mother and the fetus.
Tiểu đường thai kỳ là gì, khi nào cần xét nghiệm tiểu đường thai kỳ?
2. How dangerous is gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes can make pregnant women gain excessive weight and cause the following dangerous risks:
Polyhydramnios, causing the uterus to enlarge rapidly, causing circulatory and respiratory disorders in the mother. Increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth. Increased risk of high blood pressure, preeclampsia. Causing prolonged labor, difficult delivery, increased risk of trauma, postpartum hemorrhage. Causing higher surgery rate, blood sugar disorders easily lead to deep coma. For fetuses whose mothers have gestational diabetes, they are also prone to dangerous complications such as:
Increased rate of fetal malformations. The fetus is prone to growth disorders. The rate of perinatal mortality increases 2-5 times, even stillbirth due to sudden increase in blood sugar too high...
3. Ideal time to get tested for gestational diabetes
To avoid the dangerous consequences that gestational diabetes causes, gestational diabetes testing is essential to ensure the safety of mother and baby during pregnancy.
Timing of the first diagnostic test for gestational diabetes at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy for women who have not been previously diagnosed with diabetes.
Women who are 4 to 12 weeks pregnant after giving birth, need testing for a truly stable diagnosis of diabetes. Physicians will use an oral glucose tolerance test and clinically appropriate diagnostic criteria for nonpregnancy.
Women with a history of gestational diabetes should be tested for the development of diabetes or prediabetes at least every 3 years. Women with a history of gestational diabetes and later found to have pre-diabetes need to be treated and lead an active lifestyle to effectively prevent the disease.
4. What does the gestational diabetes test include?
Gestational diabetes testing can do one of two methods:
One-step strategy:
Do an oral glucose tolerance test: take 75g (75-g OGTT): Measure plasma glucose concentrations at fasting and at 1 hour, 2 hours after oral administration, at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy in women with no prior diagnosis of diabetes.
The oral glucose tolerance test must be performed in the morning after an overnight fast for at least 8 hours. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when any blood glucose value meets the following criteria:
Fasting ≥ 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L) At 1 hour ≥ 180 mg/dL (10.0) mmol/L) At 2 hours ≥ 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) Two-step strategy:
Step 1: Perform 50g oral glucose test or 50g oral glucose test ( glucose loading test: GLT): Take 50 grams of glucose (before without fasting), measure plasma glucose at 1 hour, at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy for pregnant women without a diagnosis of diabetes before. If the plasma glucose level measured 1 hour after oral administration is 130 mg/dL, 135 mg/dL, or 140 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L, 7.5 mmol/L, 7.8 mmol). /L) continue with the 100g oral glucose tolerance test.
Step 2: Perform 100g oral glucose tolerance test (100-g OGTT): The test must be performed when the patient is fasting: The patient is fasting, drink 100g of glucose mixed in 250-300ml of water, measured fasting blood glucose and at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, after taking glucose. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when at least 2 out of 4 plasma glucose levels are equal to or exceed the following thresholds:
Criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes by 2-step method
| Tiêu chí chẩn đoán của Carpenter/ Coustan | Tiêu chí chẩn đoán theo National Diabetes Data Group | |
| Lúc đói | 95 mg/dL (5,3 mmol/L) | 105 mg/dL (5,8 mmol/L) |
| Ở thời điểm 1 giờ | 180 mg/dL (10,0 mmol/L) | 190 mg/dL (10,6 mmol/L) |
| Ở thời điểm 2 giờ | 155 mg/dL (8,6 mmol/L) | 165 mg/dL (9,2 mmol/L) |
| Ở thời điểm 3 giờ | 140 mg /dL (7,8 mmol/L) | 145 mg/dL (8,0 mmol/L) |
Tuần thứ 24 đến 28 là thời điểm tốt để xét nghiệm tiểu đường thai kỳ.
5. What should pregnant women do to limit the risk of gestational diabetes?
To effectively prevent gestational diabetes, pregnant women need to change their lifestyle to stay active, exercise and be active regularly.
In particular, a healthy diet is also important to limit the risk of gestational diabetes. Pregnant women should add more fiber, limit fatty foods, enhance whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean protein... in the diet menu.
Understanding the importance of gestational diabetes testing, Vinmec International General Hospital designed a comprehensive maternity package with a full range of testing services to detect gestational diabetes at the right time and accurately.
Vinmec International General Hospital accompanies pregnant mothers from the first days until the mother's birth with high quality of service and the most caring care.
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
