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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection, caused by schistosomiasis of the genus Schistosoma. This is a chronic progressive disease and can leave complications on internal organs if not diagnosed and treated promptly. The Schistosoma mansoni IgG test is commonly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of schistosomiasis.
1. What is schistosomiasis?
Schistosomiasis is the name of a flat-shaped parasite, separate male and female. They mainly parasitize the circulatory system and use human blood as a source of nutrition. Scientists pointed out that there are 5 species of schistosomiasis that cause disease in humans, including:
Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosoma mekongi; Schistosoma intercalatum. In Vietnam, the three most pathogenic schistosomiasis species are S.mansoni, S.haematobium and S. japonicum. Usually male schistosomiasis is 4-15mm long and 1mm wide, females will be longer, about 20mm. This fluke is mainly found in the blood. The eggs, after being laid by the female, will pass through the capillary walls to migrate to the intestinal and bladder tissues, and finally be excreted in the feces and urine.
The schistosome eggs will develop into ciliated larvae and choose snails as an intermediate host. There, they continue to develop into a type of larva with a tail called a larva. Larvae will escape from the shell after adulthood and live in water, under favorable conditions will penetrate through human skin.
2. Symptoms of schistosomiasis
The symptoms of schistosomiasis vary depending on the species of the parasite as well as the stage of the disease:
When the schistosomiasis parasites enter the skin, they can cause itching and a rash; There are many types of schistosomiasis that cause fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes, liver and spleen; Intestinal symptoms include: abdominal pain, diarrhea (with or without blood); Urinary symptoms include: frequent urge to urinate, painful urination, and blood in the urine. All of the above symptoms are related to acute schistosomiasis. Usually, the condition improves on its own within a few weeks. However, the patient still needs to receive treatment because the parasites can remain and cause the disease to develop into a chronic condition.
The disease is still progressive, causing damage to organs, although some people with chronic schistosomiasis may not have symptoms at first. Depending on the area of infection, people with chronic schistosomiasis may present with a range of symptoms below:
Heart and lungs: persistent cough, coughing up blood, difficulty breathing or wheezing; Nervous system and brain: the patient's body may have convulsions, weakness, dizziness, headache and numbness in the legs; Digestive system: may cause abdominal pain and swelling, anemia, diarrhea (with or without blood); Urinary system: cystitis, pain when urinating, frequent urge to urinate and hematuria. Accordingly, people with schistosomiasis need to be detected and diagnosed in time to receive treatment soon, limiting the risk that the affected organs may be permanently damaged.
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3. Schistosoma mansoni IgG . test
The Schistosoma mansoni IgG test is commonly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of schistosomiasis.
Skin test: This test is commonly used in screening. The principle of the test is that an allergic reaction occurs in the skin after an antigen extracted from an adult schistosome is injected into the skin of a patient. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA): The results of the test will have implications for screening and treatment monitoring. After the first 4 weeks of illness, IgM antibodies usually appear early and disappear quickly. With IgG antibodies, after 4-5 weeks from the time the larvae enter the body, they will appear and last longer than IgM antibodies, sometimes up to years. Sensitivity is up to 98%, specificity is above 85%. Molecular biology test: This is a highly specific and accurate technique used to detect schistosomiasis DNA. However, this test is not common, mainly used in research. Besides, it can be combined with some of the following techniques to diagnose schistosomiasis:
Blood count test: can increase 20 - 60% for cases of eosinophilic schistosomiasis; IgE test: In cases of allergic manifestations, it is often increased; Certain imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT-scanner or ultrasound; Bladder and rectal endoscopy: Can help detect the presence of adult flukes in the organ performed and detect lesions suspected of schistosomiasis.
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4. Measures to prevent schistosomiasis
The following are measures to help prevent schistosomiasis infection in humans:
Each person needs to eat cooked and drink hot to prevent schistosomiasis parasites from entering the body through the mouth; Periodically deworm each year to reduce the risk of infections and complications; Avoid swimming or boating in ponds or lakes. It is recommended to swim or swim only in a chlorinated pool; Avoid contact with contaminated water bodies; If you must cross a stream or river, make sure to wear waterproof pants and boots. Although schistosomiasis has a low mortality rate, it can cause great effects on internal organs in the body. Therefore, anyone should not be subjective with this disease, if you suspect you have symptoms of a fluke infection, you need to go to a medical facility to perform a Schistosoma mansoni IgG test for schistosomiasis along with other techniques. other diagnostic techniques.
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the prestigious medical facilities that perform diagnostic tests for parasites. The entire testing process at Vinmec and the examination is carried out by qualified specialists, experienced in diagnosing and treating diseases, so customers can rest assured and trust. thought.
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