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There are many risk factors for epilepsy in children that are divided into factors that occur before birth, during birth, and after birth that cause brain damage in children. However, there are cases where the cause of epilepsy cannot be found in children. So what are the risk factors for epilepsy in children?1. What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a condition of brain damage characterized by repeated paroxysmal impulses in the rhythm of brain cells manifested by: Paroxysmal motor (convulsions of extremities, muscle twitches) Sensory, sensory, and mental states of a repetitive nature and with or without short-term loss of consciousness or altered state of consciousness.
Epilepsy is a common disease, estimated to account for 0.5-1% of the population, children with epilepsy account for more than 50%, especially children under 3 years old. More than 60% of pediatric epilepsy patients can be cured if diagnosed early and follow the doctor's treatment.
2. Causes of epilepsy in children
Possible causes of seizures in young children include meningitis and other brain infections, fever, brain tumors, brain defects, birth defects (such as Down syndrome or multiple sclerosis). tubers), head trauma, stroke, poisoning (lead or carbon monoxide poisoning),... Newborns can also have epilepsy if they are deprived of oxygen during pregnancy and delivery, suffer from bleeding in the brain, the mother taking stimulants during pregnancy,...
Epilepsy in children caused by factors occurring before birth, during birth and after birth causing brain damage in children.
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Prenatal risk factors:
Maternal trauma during pregnancy. The mother had severe lead poisoning during pregnancy. Fetal skull stenosis. Risk factors in childbirth:
Preterm birth less than 37 weeks. Birth weight less than 2,500g Asphyxia at birth Obstetric intervention: using forceps, suction, and delivery. Cerebral nuclei jaundice: early neonatal jaundice (days 1-3) accompanied by neurological signs such as abortion, cyanosis, convulsions, coma. Severe postpartum hypoglycemia accompanied by severe respiratory failure. Postpartum risk factors:
Cerebral-meningeal bleeding. Nerve infections: encephalitis, meningitis. Severe respiratory failure of various etiologies. Traumatic brain injury Progressive metabolic disease. Unknown cause: many cases of epilepsy have no obvious cause.
3. What are the manifestations of epilepsy?
Seizure symptoms can vary greatly. Some people with epilepsy simply stare for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly spasm their arms or legs. Having a seizure doesn't mean you have a seizure. At least two seizures have not been shown to be necessary for the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Seizures can be divided into 2 types as follows:
Focal seizures:
When seizures seem to occur from normal activity in one part of the brain, they are called focal (partial) seizures. ). These seizures are divided into two categories:
Focal seizures without loss of consciousness. These seizures, formerly known as simple partial seizures, do not cause loss of consciousness. They can change emotions or change the way they look, smell, feel, taste, or listen. They can also cause involuntary spasmodic movements of a part of the body, such as an arm or leg, and spontaneous sensory symptoms such as tingling, dizziness, and flashing lights. Focal seizures with altered consciousness. These seizures, formerly known as complex partial seizures, include loss or change in consciousness or consciousness. In complex partial seizures, you may stare into space and be unresponsive to your environment, or may perform repetitive movements, such as rubbing your hands, chewing, swallowing, or walking in circles round.
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Generalized epilepsy:
Seizures that are evident in all regions of the brain are called generalized epilepsy. There are six types of generalized epilepsy.
Absence crises, formerly known as malitic seizures, commonly occur in children and are characterized by episodes of fixed gaze in space or subtle body movements such as lip clicking. They can occur in groups and cause short loss of knowledge. Convulsions cause muscle spasms. They affect the muscles of the back, arms, and legs, and can cause falls. Atonic crises, also known as fall seizures, cause loss of muscle control, which can cause fainting or a sudden fall. Clonic crises are associated with repetitive or rhythmic spasmodic muscle movements. These seizures usually affect the neck, face, and arms. Myoclonic seizures appear as sudden brief spasmodic or jerking movements of the arms and legs. Tonic-clonic seizures, formerly known as major irritability seizures, are the most severe type of seizure and can cause sudden loss of consciousness, body stiffness and jerking, and sometimes loss of bladder control or biting tongue.
4. How to handle seizures in children
Take the child to a safe place. Place the child on his or her side to avoid swallowing loose phlegm during a convulsion. Loosen baby's clothes. Do not hold a limb while the child is having a convulsion. Place a rolled up spoon or towel across your child's mouth so he doesn't bite his tongue. Remove objects around the child that could cause injury. Avoid crowds of people around the child. Children often fall asleep after a seizure. Put your child to sleep Give medicine only if your child has a headache or is likely to have another one. Antiepileptic drugs must be prescribed by a doctor.
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