This is an automatically translated article.
The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Phan Thi Cam Van - Neonatologist - Pediatrics - Neonatology - Vinmec Danang International General HospitalWhen the virus enters the small and medium-sized bronchi, it causes bronchiolitis. The disease is common in children under 2 years of age, especially from 3 to 6 months of age. Late treatment of the disease can cause complications such as respiratory failure, even death.
1. What is bronchiolitis?
The main bronchioles are the small bronchi, bronchiolitis occurs when these small bronchioles become acutely inflamed. The small bronchi have an average diameter of about <2mm, without supporting cartilage, so when inflamed, they will easily collapse, narrowing the airways, leading to airflow obstruction. Bronchiolitis makes children have difficulty breathing, wheezing, if more severe, the child will be deprived of oxygen to breathe.
Young children often get bronchiolitis when the weather changes, especially when it becomes cold (rainy season in the south, cold season in the north).
Viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ nhỏ
2. Causes of disease
The disease is caused by a respiratory virus called the Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The characteristics of this virus are:
The ability to spread strongly and develop into an epidemic; In adults or older children can still be infected with the virus, but the symptoms are only as mild as the common cold. However, in children under 2 years old will cause bronchiolitis.
3. Symptoms of bronchiolitis in children
Symptoms in young children will progress from mild to severe:
Sneezing, runny nose, cough; Cough more, cough like whooping cough ; Children breathing can hear wheezing; Shortness of breath ; Children refuse to breastfeed, vomit, pale skin; Rapid breathing, when breathing, the chest retracts, the nostrils rise and fall; Children with high fever, taking fever reducer but not lowering. When parents or caregivers notice that the above symptoms occur in a child, they should quickly take the child to a medical facility for timely examination and treatment by doctors.
Trẻ khó thở, bỏ bú là một trong các triệu chứng viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ
4. Treatment of bronchiolitis in children
When children have mild symptoms of infection such as sneezing, runny nose, and little cough, children can be treated at home with the following measures:
Add enough water for children to help dilute sputum, soothe coughs ; Use 0.9% saline to disinfect the nose and throat for children; Take the child to a reputable medical facility or hospital for a doctor to examine and prescribe cough medicine, expectorant and fever reducer if the child has a fever. In case the child's condition becomes more severe with the appearance of symptoms of high fever that does not reduce medication, stop feeding, vomiting, rapid breathing with wheezing, pale skin, chest indrawing,. .. the child should be taken to the hospital immediately. At the hospital, the child will be:
Suction sputum to help clear the child's airway; Children who are too short to breathe will give them oxygen; Provide enough water, breastfeed the baby using a spoon; Infusion for children; Reduce symptoms of wheezing and severe spasms by using a saline nebulizer or a bronchodilator.
Viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ nhỏ cần được điều trị tại bệnh viện uy tín
5. Prevention of bronchiolitis
In order to best prevent bronchiolitis for children, during pregnancy, pregnant mothers need to have regular antenatal check-ups, apply adequate nutrition, work reasonably, and ensure that the baby is born at full term and full weight. heavy.
When babies are born, they need to be fully vaccinated according to the expanded immunization schedule. The full vaccination will create a solid "fence" to protect the health of the baby. In addition to adequate vaccination, adequate nutrition is also extremely important. Mothers note the addition of protein, fat, glucose, vitamins, mineral salts... in the child's food ingredients.
Keep your baby's body warm by wearing soft, sweat-wicking clothes, don't let them wear too cold or too hot, causing sweating, especially during the changing seasons and cold weather. Parents can use 0.9% saline solution to disinfect the nose and throat at home regularly for their baby.
Cha mẹ nên đưa trẻ đến gặp bác sĩ chuyên khoa để được tư vấn và điều trị kịp thời
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the leading hospitals specializing in effective treatment of pediatric diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Pediatrics at Vinmec is fully equipped with modern facilities, leading advanced medical equipment, especially in the department there is a play area for children, creating a feeling of closeness and comfort. The team of pediatric doctors and nurses are well-trained at home and abroad, rich in experience, and knowledgeable about children's psychology, ensuring that children always feel comfortable and secure during the examination and treatment. treatment at the hospital.
