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Skin cancer is considered a common disease and tends to develop in areas of the skin exposed to the sun. For precancerous skin lesions presented by Paget's disease and Bowen's disease, both are very rare.
1. Precancerous skin lesions
1.1. Lesions manifested by Paget's disease Features:
Is a type of disease that appears in women after 40 years of age with lesions on the skin, breast or around the breast. If the skin shows signs of cracking, inflammation around the nipple or trauma are favorable factors for the development of the disease. Clinical symptoms of the disease:
In the early stages, only a few small scabs appear or the skin around the breast is keratinized and becomes rough. Scabs can be dry or wet, making the patient feel itchy, if the old scab is removed, a new layer will be extruded. After a while they resemble a patch of eczema that spreads around the nipple, even past the dark area around the nipple. Skin lesions due to Paget's disease will have well-defined boundaries, rounded or oval margins, no surrounding outpost lesions, the damaged skin is higher than the healthy skin, and the skin under the scales is bright red. . At the site of Paget's skin, there may be dilated capillaries that bleed easily, the background is slightly lumpy, the nipples may be pulled, the disease progresses chronically. The diagnosis is made based on:
Clinical symptoms and images Pictures from histopathology: Based on this method, images of squamous cells, large, round, oval, can be detected. luminous protoplasm. In the cell, there may be teratoma or two nuclei, the image of long and curved papillae. Paget cells are scattered or clustered. For differential diagnosis Paget's breast should be distinguished from mycosis fungoides, candidiasis, chronic streptococcal dermatitis. Treatment and prevention:
When you have Paget's disease, you need to remove the mammary gland early along with nearby lymph nodes. To prevent this disease, we need to treat the cracked areas around the breast or dermatitis early, especially during the breastfeeding period.
Tổn thương tiền ung thư da cần được xử trí sớm
1.2. Lesions manifested by Bowen's disease Features:
A rare disease. Clinical symptoms:
Patients are usually middle-aged or elderly. Bowen's lesions can appear on any part of the skin and mucous membranes of the body. They are usually gathered in solitary disc-shaped clusters or in clusters of dark brown or pink color, with the size of 10 to 20 clusters. Features of these lesions include: high, flat, small, can be arranged in wide patches, the border is arc-shaped. In addition, in the group of lesions we can see they are concave in the central part, around rough with spines, on the surface there are scaly secretions. The disease is divided into two stages. With the early stage, the lesions develop relatively stably, lasting from 3 to 10 years. In the later stages, there are sores and lumps that can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma. Decisive diagnosis:
Made based on clinical picture and histopathological analysis. Differential diagnosis:
It is necessary to distinguish Bowen's disease from psoriasis, syphilis, lupus erythematosus, skin tuberculosis,... Treatment methods:
In the early stages of the disease, cold or deep electrocautery should be used. . In the late stages, it is necessary to remove the damaged part by surgery or radiotherapy. 1.3. Lesions manifested by erythroplasia In essence, it is Bowen's disease, but the lesion is located on the glans. With the manifestation of many red, moist patches of skin, ... The disease usually appears in men aged 40 and over, who have performed circumcision surgery at high risk of disease. The disease easily turns malignant and metastasizes to other areas. To treat erythroplasia can be used conservative method by applying 5-fluorouracil topically.
2. Some common types of skin cancer Basal cell cancer:
Features: Can develop in both men and women with the age of 40 years and older. The disease can appear on any area of the body, most commonly the head and face. The disease progresses slowly. Some clinical symptoms: In the elderly, the disease usually progresses after a keratosis, then it will spread and become infiltrated, at the bottom, there is an erosion. Covered above the slide are skin and exudate scales, which then form small lumps, standing alone or in clusters. Types of basal cell carcinoma: Ulcerative basal cell carcinoma; Flat basal cell carcinoma forming scars; Superficial basal cell carcinoma; High-floating basal cell carcinoma; Scleroderma, basal cell carcinoma; Basal cell chromosomal cancer. Diagnosis: Based on clinical picture and histopathology.
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Squamous cell carcinoma:
Clinical symptoms: Develops on pre-existing lesions, especially from precancerous lesions. Lesions are often large, spreading, thick stratum corneum, the surface can be ulcerated causing infiltration below. The lesion margin is raised, surrounded by a red halo. Clinical forms: squamous cell carcinoma of warts; High-convex squamous cell carcinoma, wart; Superficial squamous cell carcinoma. Decisive diagnosis: Based on clinical features and histopathological images. Differential diagnosis: It is necessary to distinguish squamous cell carcinoma from deep fungal diseases, syphilis, papules, lichen keratosis,... For small pimples, it is necessary to distinguish from ulcers caused by iodine, bromine, granulomas in dermatitis pus. Treatment: We can use measures to remove the damaged area, use laser, electrocautery, for many damaged areas need chemotherapy,... Skin cancer is a common disease, especially for people who often have to work in the sun. This type of disease can develop for a long time without symptoms. Therefore, regular health checkup is a necessity to protect yourself.
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