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Ovarian yolk sac tumor has high malignancy, rapid progression, rupture of capsule, adhesion to surrounding structures, local invasion, peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. Therefore, it is considered to be the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary in children.1. What is an ovarian yolk sac tumor?
Yolk sac tumor (ovarian endodermoid sinus tumor) is a rare malignant ovarian germ cell tumor. Germ cells are the cells in the ovaries and testes that develop into eggs (ovules) in females and sperm in males.
An endodermal sinus tumor is a type of germ cell cancer. Endodermal sinus tumors most commonly occur in children. This type of tumor most often occurs in the ovaries or testicles. It can also appear in the uterus, abdomen, vagina, liver, or brain.
2. Symptoms of ovarian yolk sac tumor
Endodermal sinus tumors (ESTs) account for about 20% of malignant germ cell tumors. The median age of onset was 19 and the majority of patients presented with a combination of abdominal pain and abdominal mass.3. Prognosis of ovarian yolk sac tumor
Ovarian yolk sac tumor has high malignancy, rapid progression, rupture of capsule, adhesion to surrounding structures, local invasion, peritoneal dissemination and metastasis.Tumor metastasizes lymphatic and then hematogenous. The metastatic lymph nodes are first the lymph nodes around the common iliac artery and the abdominal aorta, then the mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes. The tumor then metastasizes through the bloodstream, to the lungs, liver, and other organs.
Prognostic factors for yolk sac tumors are similar to those for other ovarian tumors, including histological type, stage, tumor cell chromosomal abnormalities, age, intra-abdominal fluid volume, surgical conditions and residual tumor volume. In which, histological type and stage are the two most important factors related to prognosis.
Yolk tumor of the ovary progresses rapidly, metastasizes early. When detected, the tumor usually invades outside the ovary. Tumor recurred within a few weeks of adnexectomy. The arrangement patterns of tumor cells in yolk sac tumors were not related to the degree of chemotherapy response.
U túi noãn hoàng buồng trứng là một khối u tế bào mầm buồng trứng ác tính hiếm gặp
4. How to treat ovarian yolk sac tumor?
Treatment includes surgery with chemotherapy or radiation. For young patients with unilateral yolk sac tumor, the capsule is intact, the ovary is removed or the adnexa is removed. The contralateral ovary should not be biopsied because it may damage the ovary and reduce the patient's fertility. For patients who do not want to have children, have a yolk sac tumor on one side, the capsule is intact, the uterus and 2 appendages are removed, then the abdominal lymph nodes are radiotherapy.
Yolk sac tumor is sensitive to chemotherapy, insensitive to radiation therapy.
In summary, ovarian yolk sac tumor is considered the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary in children. This condition is rare and treatment usually includes surgery with chemotherapy or radiation. Therefore, if the pain is accompanied by a tumor in the abdomen, the patient should see a doctor as soon as possible.
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