Metabolic lipid disorders

This is an automatically translated article.

Article written by MSc Tran Quynh Trang, Laboratory Department - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital

Dyslipidemia is a condition in which elevated blood cholesterol with or without an increase in triglycerides or low HDL contributes to atherosclerosis.
There are many causes of dyslipidemia. Primary dyslipidemia: single gene or polygenic mutation, this disorder is common in children.
Mutations in the gene encoding the LDL receptor on chromosome 19 lead to cholesterol over-synthesis, causing pure cholesterol level IIa (Fredrickason).

Polygenic form: due to defects in the LDL receptor including homozygous and heterozygous morphology.
Secondary lipid disorders: diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, obstructive liver disease, obesity, alcoholism, menopause caused by drugs such as corticosteroids, estrogen... Due to diet such as: eat too much animal fat, eat too much cholesterol-rich foods such as offal, eggs, butter...

Clinical symptoms are often asymptomatic, most of the clinical symptoms of dyslipidemia are detected only when high blood lipid composition persists or causes complications in organs such as atherosclerosis, infarction myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, yellow rash on eyelids, elbows, knees, dyslipidemia can cause acute pancreatitis. Blood lipid testing is important for middle-aged and elderly people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
The atherogenic mechanism of LDL-C is not yet clear, but the oxidation of LDL-C in the arterial wall is important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. When LDL-C is increased excessively, macrophages and smooth muscle cells have LDL-C receptors but are not able to regulate cholesterol themselves, so they take up all oxidized LDL-C and are converted to LDL-C. foam cells.
This is an early lesion of atherosclerosis and is a precursor to more acute damage. Too much cholesterol accumulates in cells, causing cell rupture. The ruptured cells are cleared by macrophages but leave a slurry in the arterial lumen leading to increased platelet aggregation, thickening, hardening, and consequent narrowing of the arterial lumen. Blood cholesterol is the most important component in the formation of atheroma, so the higher the blood cholesterol, the greater the frequency of atherosclerosis, especially in the elderly.
Atherosclerotic disease is common due to increased LDL-C, cholesterol and triglycerides, especially when simultaneously decreasing HDL-C. High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes... also cause damage to endothelial cells, making lipoproteins easier to penetrate into artery walls. These are also risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Dyslipidemia can be detected early by testing blood lipid bilan, normal including:
Cholesterol: 3.9-5.2 mmol/l; Triglycerides: 0.5-2.2 mmol/l; HDL cholesterol: ≥ 0.9 mmol/l; LDL cholesterol: < 3.4 mmol/l; The ratio of total cholesterol / HDL C should preferably be less than 4, the higher it is, the more likely it is to have atherosclerosis. People after the age of 25 should be checked for dyslipidemia once a year for early detection and timely adjustment. For people at high risk or over 40 years old, it is recommended to have regular check-ups every 6 months.

Periodic health check-ups help to detect diseases early, so that there are treatment plans for optimal results. Currently, Vinmec International General Hospital has general health checkup packages suitable for each age, gender and individual needs of customers with a reasonable price policy, including:
Health checkup package diamond general health check-up package Vip special health check-up package Comprehensive general health check-up package Standard general health check-up package Patient's examination results will be returned to your home. After receiving the results of the general health examination, if you detect diseases that require intensive examination and treatment, you can use services from other specialties at the Hospital with quality treatment and services. outstanding customer service.
To register for examination and treatment at Vinmec International General Hospital, you can contact the nationwide Vinmec Health System Hotline, or register online HERE.