This is an automatically translated article.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite. Malaria not only affects the life and work of the patient but can also lead to many dangerous complications if the fever is not reduced and timely intervention.
1. Learn about malaria
The parasite that causes malaria is called Plasmodium . The vector of Plasmodium transmission to humans is the female Anopheles mosquito. Mosquitoes infected with parasites when biting others will spread the disease. Anopheles female mosquitoes that are not infected but have bitten an infected person will transmit the disease to the next person when biting them. Therefore, if not careful, the disease can spread into an epidemic quickly.
There are four types of Plasmodium malaria parasites that can spread malaria to humans, including:
Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium vivax. Plasmodium ovale. Plasmodium malariae. In particular, the case of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum (BSR) is the most serious, with a high risk of death. Plasmodium parasites hiding in the blood or liver of the patient will gradually break down the red blood cells, causing the malaria patient's body to weaken, severe anemia, which leads to death.
2. Symptoms of Malaria
Bệnh nhân sốt rét thường bị sốt cao kèm theo đau đầu, nhức mỏi toàn thân
Symptoms of malaria include:
High fever Headache Body aches Body tremors Chills Sweating Vomiting Diarrhea If you have severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, you may have the following symptoms:
Kidney failure Liver failure Coma Death Symptoms of malaria can appear within weeks of being bitten by a carrier mosquito. However, there are also some types of parasites that cause disease, when entering the human body, they will remain dormant and begin to function after 1 year.
The incubation period is short or long, the above symptoms are mild to severe depending on factors such as:
The type of parasite causing the disease The immunity of the patient's body The health status of the person disease when infected with pathogenic parasites: healthy body, sick, pregnant... The most common symptoms in malaria patients are typical high fevers, including 3 stages: high fever, chills shivering and sweating. On average, the patient will have a high fever continuously for about 2-8 hours, which may be accompanied by symptoms of headache, vomiting, muscle aches, diarrhea... These symptoms are often confused with flu, viral fever... common. Therefore, if you find that the fever persists for a long time, the patient should go to the doctor to check.
3. Medicines to help reduce malaria in adults
Người bị sốt rét không nên tự điều trị tại nhà, cần đến các cơ sở y tế để được khám, chẩn đoán và kê đơn thuốc phù hợp.
People with malaria should not self-treat at home, need to go to medical facilities to be examined, diagnosed and prescribed appropriate medicine. Medicines that help reduce malaria and treat malaria are all prescription drugs based on the type of parasite causing the disease, the infected area...
Some antimalarial drugs such as:
4 aminoquinoline derivatives group: Chloroquin, hydroxychloroquine... are used to kill schizonts in red blood cells of malaria parasites. Group of 8 aminoquinoline derivatives: Primaquin, tafenoquin... are used to kill schizonts in the liver of malaria parasites. Alkaloid group of cinchona (Cinchona Sp. Rubiaceae): quinine, quinidine... help kill schizonts and gametocytes in red blood cells. The drug is often used intravenously, in the treatment of malaria caused by p.falciparum in multi-drug resistant areas. The methanol group: Mefloquine, halofantrin, lumefantrin... are used to kill schizonts in the blood of malaria parasites. Antifolates: Pyrimethamine, proguanil, sulfadoxin...help inhibit the synthesis of folic acid, which is necessary for the synthesis of nuleic acid (AND or RNA) to help the malaria parasite grow. Group of antibiotics: the antibiotics tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin. To prevent malaria, it is important to note:
Sleep under a mosquito net Keep the living environment clean, do not let mosquitoes have a place to live. There are measures to kill mosquitoes such as: Spraying insecticides, using incense sticks to bite mosquitoes, burning essential oils. Mosquito repellent... Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical professionals, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out with the epidemic. comprehensive and professional medical examination, consultation and treatment services; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space.
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