Diagnostic criteria for diabetes and pre-diabetes

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Diabetes is classified as a chronic non-communicable disease but causes many dangerous complications in: eyes, nerves, kidneys, .. To diagnose diabetes, we rely on 4 criteria, so these criteria What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes?

1. Diagnostic criteria for diabetes

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the diagnostic criteria for diabetes are based on 1 of the following 4 criteria:
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration ≥ 126 mg/dL (or 7 mmol/L). Patients need to fast (do not eat, do not drink soft drinks, can drink filtered or boiled water) for at least 8 hours (usually overnight fasting from 8 to 14 hours); Plasma glucose concentration at 2 hours after the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL (or 11.1 mmol/L). The oral glucose tolerance test must be performed according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization: The patient should fast from midnight before the test, use an amount of glucose equivalent to 75g of glucose, dissolved in 250 -300 ml of water, drink for 5 minutes; for the previous 3 days the patient ate a diet containing about 150-200 grams of carbohydrates per day. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). This test must be performed in a laboratory standardized to international standards. In people with diabetes with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or a plasma glucose level at any time ≥ 200 mg/dL (or 11.1 mmol/L). In the absence of the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (including polyuria, polydipsia, binge eating, unexplained weight loss), the above diagnostic tests for diabetes should be repeated. Repeat twice to confirm the diagnosis. The time to perform the second test after the first can be from 1 to 7 days. In practical conditions in Vietnam, doctors often use a simple and effective method to diagnose diabetes, which is to measure fasting plasma glucose twice ≥ 126 mg/dL (or 7 mmol/L). . If HbA1c is measured in an internationally standardized laboratory, double HbA1c can be used to diagnose diabetes.

2. Diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes

Diagnosis of prediabetes when one of the following disorders occurs:
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG): In case the fasting plasma glucose concentration is from 100 (5) ,6 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L); Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): The plasma glucose concentration at the time of the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test 75g from 140 (7.8 mmol/L) to 199 mg/dL (11) mmol/L), or an HbA1c concentration ranging from 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) to 6.4% (47 mmol/mol). These cases of dysglycemia do not yet meet the criteria for diabetes but still carry the risk of developing the large-vessel complications of diabetes, commonly referred to as pre-diabetes.

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