Diagnosis and treatment of otitis externa in children

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Atrial atresia is the indentation of the eardrum causing tinnitus, hearing loss, intermittent pain, and sticky otitis. Atrial atony is classified into many different levels. Treatment of atelectasis depends on the grade and type of atelectasis the patient has.

1. What is atrial atresia?

Atrial atresia is a condition in which the eardrum collapses into the ear cavity, causing the space in the ear canal to narrow. If atelectasis occurs only in part of the tympanic membrane, it is called focal atelectasis. Atrial fibrillation, if left for a long time, will cause a very dangerous sticky ear infection.

2. Causes of atrial collapse

Atrial atresia formed by tubal dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In some cases, atelectasis occurs due to local factors such as hyperviscosity, allergic factors, respiratory infections, underdeveloped mastoid bone. Inflammation in the middle ear, which destroys the fibrous layer of the taut membrane, and increases the negative pressure in the ear cavity, also causes atrial collapse.

3. Classification of atrial collapse

The tympanic membrane forms a wider angle with the posterior wall of the ear canal than other angles, which makes the posterior part of the eardrum weak to the effects of atmospheric pressure in the ear canal. At the same time, the decrease in pressure in the ear canal also causes disturbance in the air flow between the upper and lower layers of the ear through the isthmus of the upper atrium - the middle atrium.
Classification of atelectasis is based on the location where the atelectasis occurs. Atrial atelectasis occurring in the fascia and atrial collapse occurring in the entire tympanic membrane are divided into 4 different grades:
3.1 Grade of atelectasis occurring in the lax membrane Grade I: Size of the retractor sac When young, there was no phenomenon of sticking the bottom of the bag to the hammer bone. Level II: At this level, the bottom of the bag has been in contact with the neck of the malleus. Level III: The position of the retractor bag has penetrated into the upper atrium and has started to have bone damage. Grade IV: Traction sac eroding the atrial wall and damage to the malleus.

3.2 Atrial collapse occurs in the entire tympanic membrane Grade I: The tympanic membrane is pressed inward, the rim of the ear is not clearly visible. For this grade, because there are no physical symptoms, no treatment is needed. Grade II: The tympanic membrane is deeply concave and touches the distal bone, or is attached to the incus. Normally, the tympanic membrane is lost and the negative pressure in the tympanic cavity can destroy the fibrous tissue of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles. Grade III: The tympanic membrane has only touched the protrusion but has not yet attached to the protrusion. For these cases the placement of a ventilation tube that can return the attachment to the protrusion to normal is selected to be performed. Grade IV: The tympanic membrane has adhered to the protrusion and penetrated deep into the tympanic cavity. Surgery is mandatory for patients with atelectasis at this stage.

4. Symptoms of atrial collapse

Patients with atelectasis often have symptoms such as tinnitus; hearing loss; intermittent ear pain and the phenomenon of hearing echoes in the ears.
Ear examination and otolaryngoscopy are the main methods for clinical diagnosis of otitis externa. In addition, the symptoms of tinnitus and hearing loss should also be measured, tympanometry to assess the extent of damage to hearing and eustachian tube function for accurate results.

5. Treatment of otitis externa

Treatment of otitis externa in order to reconstruct the size and return of normal function of the tympanic cavity and ossicles. Treatment of atelectasis depends on the grade and type of atelectasis the patient has.
For cases of atrioventricular collapse in grades I and II, it is recommended to visit and monitor periodically and conduct ventilation if necessary. However, with grade III and IV total atelectasis, laparoscopic tympanic surgery, retraction pocket removal, bone reconstruction, hearing rehabilitation will be applied for treatment. Patients with focal atrial atelectasis grade III, IV are required to have laparoscopic surgery to open the upper atrium, orthopedic middle ear.

Prolonged atrium if not treated will cause dangerous sticky ear infection. As soon as you have symptoms of the disease, you should go to a medical center for early examination and treatment by a doctor.
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