Common diseases of the ovary

This is an automatically translated article.

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Dinh Thanh Ha - Obstetrician and Gynecologist - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec Nha Trang International Hospital
The ovaries are one of the female reproductive organs, each woman has 2 ovaries, they are located in the pelvis and are about the size of a seed. The function of the ovaries is to produce eggs, participate in the fertilization process and produce female hormones including estrogen and progesterone. Two types of hormones secreted by the ovaries have an impact on the development of a woman's body and are related to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Ovarian conditions are common in young women, and can affect their fertility and general health. Common ovarian diseases will be detailed in the article below.

1. Polycystic Ovary

This is a hormonal imbalance in which androgens (also called male hormones) are elevated. Increased levels of androgens can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, diabetes, and heart problems later in life. Besides, it also affects the body in many different ways, for example: difficulty getting pregnant, sleep apnea, depression and anxiety, which can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Symptoms of this disease are:
Irregular menstruation. Heavy bleeding during menstruation. Hair grows a lot on the face and other parts of the body such as chest, back, abdomen. Pimples. Weight gain. Dark skin. Headache. Polycystic ovary on ultrasound Treatment:
Take birth control pills to promote regular menstruation. Healthier lifestyle (increase exercise, lose weight, eat less fat - sweeteners).

2. Ovarian failure

Premature ovarian failure (also known as premature menopause) is the loss of part or all of the reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovaries before the age of 40. This is seen as part of an ongoing series of changes that lead to early menopause. The disease affects about 1 in 10,000 women under the age of 20, 1 in 1,000 women under the age of 30, and 1 in 100 under the age of 40.
Symptoms:
Hot flashes, night sweats Dry skin, vaginal dryness Irregular or missed periods Anxiety, depression, melancholy Irritability, stress Decreased sex drive Increased spontaneous disorders Immune Treatment:
Female hormone replacement therapy Mental health support

3. Ovarian inflammation

Ovarian inflammation is often the result of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. The disease is characterized by cysts, painful inflammation, and unilateral or bilateral ovarian enlargement. In some cases, it also causes damage to the fallopian tubes, making it difficult to conceive.
Symptoms:
Pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis Menstruation is heavier than usual Bleeding between periods Pain or bleeding during intercourse Heavy vaginal discharge, bad odor Painful urination, burning urination, difficulty urinating Periods more serious: high fever, chills, vomiting,... Treatment:
Medical treatment: antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, pain relievers. Surgical treatment: surgical drainage of abscesses or removal of pelvic adhesions.

4. Endometriosis Ovarian

Ovarian endometriosis is one of the most common ovarian diseases. In essence, this is a condition in which the endometrial cells in the uterine lining (endometrial stroma and glands) grow abnormally beyond the uterus, forming spots or cysts of endometriosis on the ovaries. side or two sides. It can cause severe abdominal pain during menstruation. In addition, endometriosis can also appear in the fallopian tubes or the peritoneal cavity. Currently, the exact cause of endometriosis has not been found.
Symptoms:
Dysmenorrhoea Heavy menstrual bleeding Intermenstrual bleeding Urinary or digestive problems Vomiting, nausea, bloody stools with stool Pain during intercourse, fatigue Treatment:
Endocrine therapy with drugs Surgery Lifestyle improvement

5. Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cyst is also one of the common ovarian diseases. This is known as a gynecological disease with a high probability of causing infertility in women. Cysts are formed and grow from fluid-filled cysts inside the ovaries. Many women will experience at least one ovarian cyst in their lifetime. Cysts are often discovered incidentally on ultrasound because they rarely cause abdominal pain and are asymptomatic. Ovarian cysts have many types such as: dermoid cyst, ovarian endometrioma and functional cyst are the most common
Treatment methods:
Follow-up, follow-up examination 3-6 months for the Functional cyst Using oral contraceptives as prescribed by the doctor Laparoscopic surgery to remove the cyst

6. Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that begins in one or both ovaries. Cancer cells are abnormal cells that grow out of the body's control and not according to the body's needs. These cancer cells can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. Not only that, they can metastasize to distant organs in the body and cause secondary cancer in that organ.
Types of ovarian cancer include:
Carcinoma of the ovary is cancer cells that develop from cells on the surface of the ovary. This is the most common type. Germ cell cancer is cancer that begins in the cells that produce eggs. This type is less common than carcinoma. Ovarian cancer begins in the tissue cells that support the ovary. This type is also rare. Treatment methods:
Surgery to remove the tumor or fallopian tubes or ovaries Hysterectomy surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Ovarian diseases are very common nowadays and have many causes. This is a very important female reproductive organ, so it can seriously affect reproductive function as well as overall health. To detect ovarian diseases early, women should perform regular gynecological examinations. When health problems are detected, patients will have the opportunity to treat and avoid dangerous complications later.
Gynecological examination is an effective method to protect reproductive health against many gynecological diseases that tend to rejuvenate such as cervical cancer. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Vinmec medical system is satisfied by customers for its service quality and privacy.
A team of highly qualified and experienced doctors: the doctors here are all professors, doctors, specialists I, II, and masters who are well-trained and specialized in hospitals. leading national and international universities. Comprehensive gynecological examination: Provide a variety of gynecological examination packages from pre-marital to post-marital. Customers will receive: Gynecological examination, bilateral breast ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries, total urinalysis by automatic machine and test for infertility, syphilis, pre-cancerous cervical cancer screening. Modern equipment system: The most advanced and modern diagnostic and treatment equipment in the world are imported from the US, UK, Germany, Japan and Singapore, on par with leading hospitals. in the area. Ensure patient privacy: Applying a 1:1 medical examination and treatment model (one doctor - one patient), all medical information is analyzed and meticulously evaluated by the doctor after being examined. Absolute security. No separate examination, meeting 5-star standards.

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