Common diseases of the ear, nose and throat

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Otolaryngology is a group of common diseases in all ages, especially in children. Changes in weather, climate, sanitation, dust... are the main factors that lead to disease. Common ear, nose and throat diseases such as otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis.

1. Inflammation of the middle ear

Otitis media is usually caused by infection with viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens. The most common bacteria causing otitis media is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Others include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Among older adolescents and young adults, the most common cause of ear infections is Haemophilus influenzae.
Viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and those that cause the common cold can also lead to otitis media by compromising the normal defenses of airway epithelial cells steam on.
Middle ear discharge is common in children, the prevalence is about 10-20% of the age of kindergarten and kindergarten. The time to change the season to autumn, around September and October is the time when children are most susceptible to illness. The disease leaves many dangerous complications for health.
Typical symptoms of otitis media such as earache, high fever, headache, fussiness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, poor response to sounds. More dangerous, the disease can cause complications such as perforation of the eardrum, causing the patient to lose hearing completely. To prevent this disease, the best way is to keep the body warm when it is cold, stay away from cigarette smoke, young children need to be breastfed for at least the first 6 months of life, keep the baby in an upright position when breastfeeding. Simultaneously for children to be fully vaccinated according to the national immunization schedule.

2. Sore throat

Pharyngitis is one of the most common ENT diseases. This disease is divided into 3 types: white sore throat, red sore throat and ulcerative pharyngitis. Sinusitis is very common when the weather changes, especially when the weather starts to get cold. The disease can occur at any age and progresses rapidly, if not considered properly treated can cause unpredictable complications. If you have sinusitis, you often have pain (cheeks, eyebrows, between eyes, nape...), mucus draining into your nose, stuffy nose, deafness...

The cause of pharyngitis is largely caused by a virus, in some cases it is possible to get sick from bacteria when encountering favorable factors such as weather changes, dust, poor resistance...
Symptoms of pharyngitis are inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, anterior and posterior tonsils, and posterior wall of the pharynx. There may be pseudomembranous skin in the throat and tonsils, sore throat, thirst, body aches. Inflamed lymph nodes in the jaw angle, fever, chills, headache.

3. Sinusitis

Sinusitis (VMX) is an inflammation of the lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses, caused by many different causes such as bacterial infections, viruses, allergies, fungi, ... the disease is common in children under 6 year old.
Sinusitis is divided into 2 types: acute and chronic sinusitis. In particular, people with chronic sinusitis are more likely to relapse and be more dangerous. Children's sinusitis is common in children under 6 years of age, with allergic rhinitis, VA, and tonsillitis. The disease often begins in children who are thin, malnourished, or have low-grade fever, have allergies, often have upper respiratory tract infections, which cannot be cured, leading to sinusitis.
In adults, chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses with symptoms: Dull pain in the face, stuffy nose, decreased smell, cough, snorting sputum, looking at the nose shows the middle slit, sometimes even Upper slit with pus. Patients may have fever, poor concentration, fatigue. These symptoms persist for more than 12 weeks.

4. Tonsillitis

The tonsils are an important organ that helps the body produce antibodies against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This organization can also become inflamed when too many bacteria and viruses invade, causing the tonsils to be overloaded. Tonsillitis can occur at any age, but children and adolescents are most susceptible.
In the acute stage, new-onset tonsillitis causes symptoms such as sore throat, fever, runny nose, two large swollen tonsils, red inflamed throat area...; Patients with chronic tonsillitis often feel a sharp pain in the throat, sometimes dry cough, hoarseness, bad breath... These symptoms will get worse when the disease moves into the chronic stage. In the severe stage, if tonsillitis recurs many times a year, enlarged tonsils obstruct eating and drinking, cause breathing difficulties and lead to other dangerous complications, you need to have surgery to remove tonsils.

5. Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is the most common disease in ENT-related diseases. There are many causes leading to this disease such as: weather, environment, mold, location....
If you have allergic rhinitis day by day for a long time, it will become a chronic disease. At that time, nasal congestion occurs almost regularly, potentially leading to ringing in the ears, accompanied by headaches, severe headaches (these symptoms are quite similar to sinusitis, which is easy to confuse). In some cases, patients with chronic chronic allergic rhinitis can cause olfactory dysfunction (loss of smell) or snoring due to nasal congestion. Although allergic rhinitis does not seriously affect your health, they cause discomfort, affecting daily life and work.
When you have symptoms of ear, nose and throat disease, you should not go to buy oral medicine or reuse a prescription from the previous time, but must go to a medical facility and take the medicine as prescribed by the doctor.
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