Color Doppler ultrasound for evaluation of gynecological pathology

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted by Dr. Nguyen Anh Tu - Doctor of Obstetric Ultrasound - Prenatal Diagnosis - Obstetrics Department - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.
Gynecological Doppler ultrasound is considered as one of the most popular and widely applied diagnostic imaging tools today in most medical facilities for gynecological examination and treatment. This method not only helps to evaluate gynecological diseases but also helps to make appropriate treatment indications for each specific patient.

1. Gynecological Doppler ultrasound

In the field of gynecological examination, in addition to asking about pathology and examining clinical symptoms, gynecological Doppler ultrasound plays a great role in evaluating gynecological pathologies, especially those related to gynecological diseases. vascular because there are structural organs within a woman's reproductive system that cannot be seen on physical examination. In the female reproductive system, some of the following vascular structures are very important, affecting many physiological mechanisms of women, including:
Uterine artery comes from the internal iliac artery, stool It divides into many small branches and consists of 3 segments: the iliac hip wall, the segment that passes through the broad ligament, and the uterine artery segment. The ovary is supplied by 2 arteries: the ovarian artery from the abdominal aorta and the ovarian branch from the uterine artery.

Gynecological Doppler ultrasound is a method that uses ultrasound waves as mechanical vibrations with a frequency higher than 20000Hz to record images and structures inside the patient's body.

2. Evaluation of gynecological pathology

Based on gynecological Doppler ultrasound and a number of clinical examination characteristics, doctors can orient the diagnosis and evaluation of gynecological pathologies, typically:
Ectopic pregnancy: Doppler increases perfusion of tissues around the fetus, low impedance, signs of blood vessels distributed around the gestational sac, also known as ring of fire, can assess fetal heart rate if the fetus is pregnant. still developing. In cases where the fetus has ruptured, ultrasound will show an abnormal mass appearing next to the uterus and bloody peritoneal fluid. It should be noted that the ring of fire sign is not a definitive sign that can be present in all cases of ectopic pregnancy but is more common in the testicular cyst. For ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube, there is usually a ring of fire if the fetus has not ruptured, and there is a thick echogenic mass in the shape of a gestational sac next to the uterus with increased perfusion around when the fetus has ruptured. Ectopic pregnancy in the ovary, if the fetus has not ruptured, the yolk sac will be seen on the ovary. In case of interstitial ectopic pregnancy, the gestational sac will lie higher than normal and deviate to one side of the uterine horn. Ovarian torsion: This is a gynecological emergency to watch out for because the ovaries or tubes are twisted due to a tumor, drug stimulation, or tubal fluid retention. Doppler ultrasound will show twisted vascular pedicles, signs of whirlpools or storm eyes. In addition, at the helix stem, the blood vessel supplying this structure will be interrupted, for incomplete torsion, the blood vessel has a comma shape. Some other signs are enlarged ovaries, many peripheral cysts, abnormal ovarian position, and Doppler does not see the arterial and venous spectrum. The corpus luteum cyst: Color Doppler will show a ring of fire around the ovarian cyst, pulse Doppler has a low impedance 1-phase spectrum.

Residual placenta after miscarriage: Doppler often increases perfusion in residual placental tissue in the uterine cavity, high flow velocity, low impedance. Invasive ectopic pregnancy: B-mode shows mixed echogenic structures from the endometrium invading the uterus, dilated blood vessels, thin uterine muscles and obliteration. Color Doppler for rich color signal, pulsed pulsed arterial-venous fistula flow velocity is high, low impedance. Uterine fibroids: Vascular distribution around the tumor and impedance is usually low. Endometriosis, also known as myopathy, is diffusely distributed in low-impedance, damaged structures. Intrauterine Polyps: Blood vessels feed the polyp mass. Endometrial cancer: The endometrial wall is thicker than 8mm and the boundary formed by the endometrium and uterine muscles is blurred in postmenopausal women. If the cancer is at an advanced stage, the tumor invades the uterine muscle, making the image of the uterine muscle on ultrasound reduced in thickness, Doppler increased perfusion and low impedance. Ovarian cancer: There is a tumor larger than 10cm in diameter, thick cyst wall but irregular margin, irregular thick wall, bud in the cyst wall. Doppler signals in nodules, buds as well as in the septa of tumor tissues, low impedance.

3. Conclusion

Gynecological Doppler ultrasound helps to investigate not only benign conditions but also gynecological malignancies and emergencies during gynecological examination. Therefore, when there are any unusual symptoms, the patient should immediately go to reputable and quality medical facilities to be examined and perform appropriate laboratory tests with the aim of finding the cause of the disease. in the shortest time.
To help customers detect and treat gynecological diseases early, Vinmec International General Hospital has a basic gynecological examination and screening package, helping customers detect early inflammatory diseases and help treat Easy, inexpensive treatment. Screening detects gynecological cancer (cervical cancer) early even when there are no symptoms.
Basic gynecological examination and screening package for female customers, has no age limit and may have the following symptoms:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding Having menstrual problems: irregular menstrual cycle, irregular menstrual cycle Irregular vaginal discharge (smell, different color) Vaginal pain and itching Female clients have several risk factors such as poor personal hygiene, Unsafe sex, abortion,... Female customers have other symptoms such as: Abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, pain in the intimate area, abnormal vaginal bleeding. In addition, Vinmec also has modern ultrasound equipment, especially color Doppler ultrasound imported directly from abroad, modern technology, producing clear images, multi-function, making diagnosis easy. easier. The team of technicians are all experienced and highly trained in diagnostic imaging, so the diagnosis is highly accurate.
If you have a need for gynecological examination, gynecological color Doppler ultrasound, please book an appointment directly at the website right away or contact the hotline for detailed advice.

Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.