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Diabetes is a chronic disease, if not well controlled, high blood sugar will lead to complications, damage to organs such as the heart, eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels. Using drugs to treat type 2 diabetes is one of the mandatory methods for effective disease management.
1. Treatment of type 2 diabetes with drugs
Use of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes is indicated when the patient's initial blood sugar is too high or fails to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including diet and exercise to reduce blood sugar. blood sugar. Usually, treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes recommend that patients should use the active ingredient Metformin to lower blood sugar if there are no contraindications. If this drug does not achieve the goal of effective treatment, the patient will be prescribed a combination of other drugs, such as insulin or other blood sugar-lowering tablets, depending on the current condition of the patient. core.
The combination of using groups of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes together is unavoidable because over time the pancreatic function secretes endogenous insulin, a single active ingredient in the treatment. will not help achieve the patient's glycemic control goals.
However, there are also rare cases that cause patients with type 2 diabetes to switch completely to insulin therapy or to combine insulin with oral hypoglycemic tablets. In addition, when using drugs to treat type 2 diabetes, patients should also note: each type of active ingredient in antidiabetic drugs has different mechanisms, effects and side effects. Therefore, when treating this disease, the patient should be examined by a doctor periodically, strictly adhere to the indications for drug use, and avoid arbitrarily changing the dose and duration of the drug as instructed.
Sử dụng thuốc điều trị đái tháo đường tuýp 2 theo chỉ định của bác sĩ
2. What types of drugs are used to treat type 2 diabetes?
2.1. Gliclazide MR and Glimepiride
Two active ingredients Gliclazide MR and Glimepiride will help lower the patient's blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to secrete more insulin. In addition to the useful effects, users should note that this active ingredient has a side effect of lowering blood pressure. /1.73m2) as follows:
Gliclazide MR: The initial dose is 30mg once and the maximum dose is 120mg once. When eGFR > 30, the patient does not need to adjust the dose. But if eGFR < 30, the patient should be cautious (hypoglycemia); Glimepiride: Initial dose is 1mg once and maximum dose is 6mg once. When eGFR > 60, the patient does not need to adjust the dose, eGFR from about 30 - 60, the dose should be reduced and if eGFR < 30, the use should be stopped. GLUMERON 30MR is a drug prepared from the active ingredient Gliclazide to help patients effectively lower blood sugar. GLUMERON 30MR is often recommended by doctors for elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
2.2. Drugs to treat Acarbose
This active ingredient has the ability to compete, inhibit the effect of hydrolytic enzymes and convert enzymes from complex sugars to simple sugars. Thanks to this ability, the drug can slow down the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine. Acarbose drugs are effective in reducing blood sugar levels after eating, but if only one drug is used, the ability to lower blood sugar will not be promoted.
Side effects of this active ingredient are stomach bloating, digestive disorders, diarrhea. Regarding the dose, the patient should strictly adhere to 25-100 mg x 3 right before meals. If eGFR < 25 is detected, the patient should not use it.
2.3. Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Vildagliptin and Linagliptin
4 active ingredients are Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Vildagliptin and Linagliptin all have the ability to inhibit DPP-4 activity and increase Incretin concentration after eating. Among the groups of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes, this group of 4 active ingredients has very few side effects thanks to its good tolerability. Saxagliptin alone has a side effect of increasing the risk of heart failure for patients. When using the drug, the patient should follow the correct dosage and adjust according to the eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) as follows:
Sitagliptin: The initial dose is 50mg once and the maximum dose is 100mg once. If eGFR 30 - 49, the patient should use 50mg. But if eGFR < 30, it should be reduced to 25mg; Saxagliptin: Initial dose is 2.5mg once and maximum dose is 5mg once. If eGFR < 50, the patient should use 2.5mg; Vildagliptin: Initial dose is 50mg once and maximum dose is 100mg once. If eGFR < 50, the patient should use 50mg; Linagliptin: 5mg once daily dose. This active ingredient does not require dose adjustment according to eGFR.
Thuốc điều trị đái tháo đường tuýp 2 chứa hoạt chất Empagliflozin
2.4. Active ingredients Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin
Treatment of type 2 diabetes with active ingredients Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin will help patients lower blood sugar by inhibiting the SGLT2 channel in the renal tubules. The side effects of these two active ingredients are easy to make the genital tract infected, so it is necessary to pay attention to careful hygiene.
When using the drug, the patient also needs to comply with the correct dose and adjust the dose according to the eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) as follows:
Empagliflozin: The initial daily dose is 10mg once and the maximum daily dose maximum is 25mg once. If eGFR < 30, use should be discontinued; Dapagliflozin: Initial daily dose is 5mg once and maximum daily dose is 10mg once. If eGFR < 45, use should be discontinued.
2.5. Metformin HCL is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes
This is the recommended active ingredient because it helps to reduce the amount of glucose produced in the liver, helps the body to improve insulin sensitivity and limit glucose absorption in the intestine. At the same time, this is also the first indicated active ingredient when treating type 2 diabetes.
For drugs containing the active ingredient Metformin HCL such as GliritDHG 500mg/5mg, Metformin Stella 850mg, Metformin stada 500mg, Glucophage 1000mg, Glucofine 1000mg, Glucofast 500mg or 850mg.... Patients need to carefully read the manufacturer's instructions for use and follow the dose prescribed by the doctor to effectively treat type 2 diabetes.
Using groups of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes not only helps to increase the effectiveness of disease control but also avoids many dangerous complications that may occur. Besides taking medicine, the patient should also adopt a healthy diet and exercise regimen to minimize the bad effects of type 2 diabetes.
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