Causes of lack of oxygen in the body

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Hypoxia is a complex pathological process because our body is not supplied with enough oxygen for the normal functioning of the cells, or because of a disease in which the cells of the organization cannot use oxygen. Learning about the causes of hypoxia will help you better prevent this condition.

1. Causes of lack of oxygen

1.1. Lack of oxygen due to respiratory causes We are deprived of oxygen due to respiration in case the air is thin, there is not enough oxygen for the body to breathe when climbing (by plane), climbing mountains or living in high mountains... Then you can get altitude sickness or alpine disease.
Altitude sickness Is an acute lack of oxygen when climbing suddenly above 3000m or flying above the limit without or failing to have an oxygen tank. The altitude of 4000 - 5000 m is considered the limit of the flight without additional oxygen.
Pathological signs appear depending on the height and endurance of the body. The earliest signs are:
Nervous disorders such as erratic fatigue, headaches, memory loss, slow reflexes, nausea,... These are the causes of lack of oxygen to the brain and are very dangerous. especially for those who often work at height. Due to the inability to compensate for the increased CO2 excretion, vomiting is hypoxic with hypocalcemia and alkalosis. The heart beats fast, weak, possibly arrhythmia. If not handled in time, the nervous system is deeply inhibited leading to convulsions, coma and death. The five-sensory disorders such as vision and hearing disorders... The main treatment is to provide treatment. Pure oxygen:
Go above 8000m- pO2kk = 0.21.(270- 47): 47mmHg Pure oxygen supply: 1.(270-47):223 mmHg. But if you climb above 10000m, even pure oxygen is not enough, you must have a pressure chamber. Go up to 15000m, breathe oxygen: pO2kk = 1. (95- 47): 48 mmHg in this case, people have to live in the chamber. new pressure avoids hypoxia and weightlessness Alpine disease An acute hypoxia phenomenon when climbing mountains above 600m (explorers). The danger of hypoxia also depends on altitude and some additional factors such as physical fatigue, cold, effects of ultraviolet rays, cosmic rays...
When climbing above 300m, signs of deficiency oxygen begins to appear: Nervous excitement, a state of excitement, pleasure, laughter... Up above 4000m more obvious signs, headache, nausea, erratic fatigue, poor memory, dyspnea, cyanosis, respiratory cycles... The altitude of 6000m is the ultimate limit that humans can endure without additional oxygen. 1.2. Lack of oxygen due to cardiovascular and blood causes

Causes of hypoxia due to local or systemic circulatory disorders: All cases of arterial blood pressure reduction, decreased blood supply to the tissues lead to hypoxia such as heart failure, shock, a lot of blood loss... Causes of hypoxia due to veno-arterial shunt: When a part of venous blood that is not gassed flows directly into the arterial blood, reducing the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, called a “shunt”. Common pathological "shunts" include: areas of the lung that are not allowed to breathe (atelectasis, pneumonia...), bulging arteries, hemangiomas, congenital heart diseases such as atrial septal defect , ventricular septal defect Causes of hypoxia due to pathology of hemoglobin such as: Anemia with a decrease in the number of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin affects the oxygen transport of the tissues; hemoglobinopathy causes the appearance of pathological hemoglobin (HbS or HgF) that change the function of oxygen transport; CO poisoning arises when there is an increase in the concentration of CO gas in the breathing air in cases of labor, in the factory where coal gas has not been completely burned, in addition to causing lack of oxygen, CO also inhibits cellular respiration, and many body organ changes; Methemoglobin toxicity should not be able to transport oxygen and causes severe hypoxia (MetHb toxicity can be seen in chemical intoxication; toxicity is produced when there is prolonged gastrointestinal disturbance). 1.3. Lack of oxygen due to organizational causes Organizations cannot use oxygen when there is a disorder of cellular respiration which is the cause of hypoxia. Cellular respiration is a complex redox process, carried out by a system of respiratory enzymes that is broken down into closely related chain reactions:
The H-cleavage reaction is carried out by cleavage enzymes H (dehydrase or dehydrogennase), this enzyme is easily damaged at temperatures above 55oC and is inhibited by babiturates, in the composition of vitamins H-transitional reaction is followed by coenzymes I and II (DPN). = diphosphoric nucleotide and TPN triphosphoric nucleotide) and components with vitamin PP, and then transitioned by flavopretoin, components with vitamin B1 are susceptible to being inhibited by Fluoride and cyanide. Electron transfer reaction thanks to oydafa enzymes, cytocram system and cytochrome oydase. These enzymes are easily inhibited by cyanide, As, and H2S. Thus, even if only one step in this chain of reactions is disturbed, the process of cellular respiration cannot be carried out, therefore, although oxygen is supplied. adequate, the organization also cannot use oxygen leading to lack of oxygen.
Causes of cellular respiration can be:
Lack of substrates (anorexia, diabetes, depression...) causing vitamin deficiency and cellular respiratory enzyme deficiency Intoxication with substances that inhibit cellular respiration cells such as sleeping pills, CO, H2S, As, Fluoride, cyanide, toxins created during infection, toxic tumors...

In practice, the types of hypoxia are often associated with each other, and clinical examination and monitoring of biological signs are sufficient to detect. Providing oxygen is a good measure, but it is not used in all cases, but depending on the nature and extent, depending on the cause, there is an appropriate treatment attitude.

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