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Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic, the main ingredient is Bupivacaine hydrochloride. Bupivacaine is commonly used in local anesthesia, epidural anesthesia during cesarean section or surgery. In addition, the anesthetic Bupivacaine is also used in dental procedures.
1. What is the local anesthetic Bupivacaine?
Bupivacaine belongs to the group of local anesthetics or amides. The drug has a longer duration of action and a slower onset of action but is stronger and more toxic than the anesthetic lidocaine. Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a drug that blocks nerve impulses that send pain signals to the brain.
Bupivacaine is prepared under injection (may contain adrenaline or not) with different concentrations such as: 0.25% (2.5mg/ml), 0.5% (5mg/ml) or 0.75% (7.5mg/ml) and is packaged in ampoules with a capacity of 10ml, 20ml or 30ml.
Bupivacaine anesthetic is indicated in cases of local anesthesia, epidural anesthesia in childbirth, surgery or other cases, including dental procedures.
2. How to use and dose of anesthetic Bupivacaine
2.1 How to use Bupivacaine Anesthesia Bupivacaine anesthetic is administered by medical staff. The medicine is injected directly into the numbed area or nearby. In the case of an epidural, medication is injected into the spine in the mid- or lower-back region. If used for dental anesthesia, the drug is injected directly in the mouth, into the area of the tooth to be treated.
During the injection of Bupivacaine anesthetic, the patient's physiological and vital indicators are closely monitored, including breathing rate, oxygen concentration, blood pressure, ... Some body functions have may be affected by the use of an epidural, such as bowel control, bladder control, sexual function, sensation, or movement in the legs.
2.2 Dose of local anesthetic Bupivacaine The specific dose of Bupivacaine anesthetic in adults is as follows:
Local anesthesia: Inject a single dose of 175mg, but the dose depends on each patient. After every 3 hours, re-inject but the maximum dose should not exceed 400mg/day. Spinal anesthesia in childbirth: 7.5 - 10.5mg (from 1 - 1.4 ml). The specific dosage of Bupivacaine in children is as follows:
Local epidural anesthesia: 1.25mg/kg body weight/dose. Local anesthesia of the sacrum: 1 - 3.7mg/kg body weight. Infusion in infants under 4 months of age: 0.2 - 0.25 mg/kg body weight/hour. Infusion in infants over 4 months of age and children: 0.4 - 0.5 mg/kg body weight/hour. 2.3 Overdose of local anesthetic Bupivacaine Using an overdose of anesthetic Bupivacaine can cause complications in the cardiovascular and nervous system. At that time, diazepam or thiopental can be used for anticonvulsant therapy with respiratory support.
If the patient has circulatory failure due to local anesthetic Bupivacaine, it should be treated with intravenous fluids, anti-sympathomimetic drugs. If necessary, adrenaline can be injected directly or intravenously.
3. Bupivacaine anesthetic side effects
Bupivacaine local anesthetic can cause some unwanted side effects with common frequency such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, back pain, problems related to sexual function.
In case of experiencing serious allergic reactions such as swelling of the face, tongue, mouth, throat, dizziness, vomiting, difficulty breathing, sneezing, itching, rash, red rash after using local anesthetic Bupivacaine, people The disease requires immediate emergency treatment.
Contact your doctor if you experience serious side effects such as restlessness, anxiety, confusion, fainting, problems with vision or speech, ringing in the ears, tingling in the mouth and a metallic taste type, seizure, convulsions, shallow breathing, weak breathing, gasping for breath, body heat, fast or slow or weak heartbeat, urinary retention or infrequent urination.
Bupivacaine anesthetic can also cause less serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, tremors, chills, headache, back pain.
4. Some notes when using local anesthetic Bupivacaine
Do not use local anesthetic Bupivacaine in people who are hypersensitive or allergic to the ingredients of the drug as well as amide group anesthetics, people with anemia and severe heart disease. Do not inject Bupivacaine into the inflamed area, give epidural or spinal anesthesia in people with coagulation disorders, low blood pressure due to blood loss, people with cardiogenic shock. Before undergoing anesthesia with Bupivacaine, the patient should inform the doctor about any medical conditions related to and affected by the drug, including: lack of red blood cells or anemia, bleeding disorders. or blood clotting, high/low blood pressure, liver or kidney disease, numbness or tingling sensation, headache, back pain from surgery, arthritis, scoliosis, polio, syphilis, brain tumor, marrow tumor. Breastfeeding women should only use bupivacaine anesthetic when weighing the risks and benefits to the baby. Bupivacaine must not be used together with Hyaluronidase, Propofol, Propranolol, St John's Wort, Verapamil. If use is required, dosage and frequency of use will be adjusted accordingly. Bupivacaine anesthetic can interact with medications and cause side effects, including: Alacepril, Benazepril, Captopril, Cilazapril, Delapril, Enalaprilat, Enalapril maleate, Fosinopril, Imidapril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Pentopril, Perindopril, Quinepril, Ramipril, Spirapril, Temocapril, Trandolapril, Zofenopril. The use of alcohol or stimulant drinks while taking Bupivacaine anesthetic requires the advice of a doctor. In all cases, in order to limit the risk of drug interactions, patients should tell their doctor about their past and current use of drugs, including prescription drugs or not, herbal products or foods. additional functions. Bupivacaine is used to block nerve impulses that send pain signals to the brain. With this use, Bupivacaine is used for local anesthesia, epidural anesthesia in surgery, cesarean section and dental procedures.
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