Poisonous mushrooms you need to know

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There are about 70 - 80 types of poisonous mushrooms but only a few of them can be fatal when ingested. We need to identify these wild or deadly poisonous mushrooms with edible mushrooms to avoid poisoning, which is life-threatening. Here are the poisonous mushrooms you need to know.

1. Death Cap . Poison Mushroom

Death Cap poisonous mushroom, scientific name is Amanita phalloides, Vietnamese called death mushroom is known to be the most dangerous mushroom among mushrooms, found throughout Europe, has similar characteristics to edible straw and caesar mushrooms.
This poisonous mushroom can cause poisoning even when cooked because it contains amatoxin, which has heat-resistant properties. When entering the body, this active substance quickly destroys cells and after eating about 6 - 12 hours, this poisonous mushroom begins to cause symptoms of poisoning such as:
Severe stomach pain Vomiting Diarrhea Blood Severe thirst due to rapid dehydration Decrease in urine output Hypoglycaemia When there is damage to the liver, kidneys and central nervous system, the poisoned person will quickly fall into a coma and easily lead to death. to high mortality.

2. Poisonous Mushroom Conocybe filaris

Conocybe filaris, scientifically known as Pholiotina rugosa, in Vietnamese, is a grass fungus, is one of the poisonous grass fungi with a seemingly harmless appearance, they are especially common in the Pacific Northwest and have The same toxin as death cap mushrooms, so they can be fatal when ingested.
After eating mushrooms about 6 - 24 hours, symptoms of poisoning will appear, starting from the digestive system, so it is easy to misdiagnose as food poisoning or stomach flu. After mushroom poisoning, the patient recovers, but often relapses with life-threatening digestive dysfunction, liver failure, and kidney failure.

3. Poisonous Webcaps (Cortinarius species)

There are 02 species of webcap, deadly webcap (scientific name is Cortinarius rubbellus) and fool's webcap (scientific name is Cortinarius orellanus), Vietnamese often call these poisonous webcap mushrooms as deadly mushrooms. These species of Cortinarius fungi are very similar in appearance and some of them are edible.
The toxin in the webcap mushroom is orellanin. After ingestion, the initial symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of the common flu and it may take 2-3 days for the silent symptoms of poisoning to appear, so it is easy to misdiagnose. Finally, the orellanin toxin present in webcap mushrooms will cause kidney failure and lead to death if left untreated.

4. Poisonous Mushroom Autumn Skullcap

Autumn Skullcap poisonous mushroom has the scientific name Galerina marginata, Vietnamese called autumn skullcap mushroom, mainly grows in the Northern Hemisphere and some parts of Australia.
Galerina marginata is a large, leafy, rotten fungus, which means it grows on moist woody stems and causes the plant to rot. This mushroom has the same amatoxin toxicity as the death mushroom.
When eating the poisonous mushroom Autumn Skullcap can be poisoned with manifestations such as vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, liver damage and eventually death if not treated promptly. .
Although this mushroom is unlike any other edible mushroom, several deaths and poisoning cases have been found to have been mistakenly acquired for the hallucinogenic Psilocybe.

5. Destroying Angels poison mushroom (Amanita species)

Destroying Angels poisonous mushroom, Vietnamese called angel mushroom, is a species of white mushroom in the genus Amanita. This is an extremely poisonous mushroom with external characteristics very similar to edible mushrooms, which are fat mushrooms and grass mushrooms, so it is easy to confuse when purchasing.
One of these species, Amanita bisporigera, is considered the most poisonous mushroom that can be deadly in North America. 5 - 24 hours after ingestion, symptoms of poisoning begin to appear including vomiting, delirium, convulsions, diarrhea, liver and kidney failure and eventually death.

6. Podostroma cornu-damae . Podostroma cornu-damae

Podostroma cornu-damae, known in Vietnamese as poisonous fire coral, is a rare mushroom native to Asia that has caused several deaths in Japan and Korea.
This poisonous mushroom has a red fruit body (also called fruit body or spore body) containing a powerful toxin called trichothecene, which can cause multiple organ failure when eaten. Symptoms of poisoning include stomach pain, skin peeling, hair loss, hypotension, liver necrosis, acute kidney failure, and death if not treated promptly.

7. Deadly Dapperling Poison Mushroom

Deadly Dapperling poisonous mushroom has the scientific name of Lepiota brunneoincarnata, which is also a deadly mushroom because it contains toxic amatoxin. This poisonous mushroom grows throughout Europe and parts of Asia, being quite harmless and therefore often confused with other edible mushrooms.
Although they rarely cause poisoning, if accidentally ingested can cause serious liver toxicity and if not treated promptly can lead to death.

8. Yellow-staining . Poison Mushroom

Yellow-staining mushroom, the scientific name is Agaricus xanthodermus, Vietnamese called yellow-footed black fungus, is a common poisonous mushroom in the state of Victoria, USA. This wild mushroom often grows wild in clusters in lawns and gardens, white or brown (when aged or dead) very similar to many edible mushrooms.
This fungus has a very specific smell, like disinfectants, iodine or kerosene, which, if cooked, can give off a stronger odor. 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion, symptoms of poisoning begin to appear including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In addition, they can cause headaches, dizziness, sweating, and drowsiness, but these symptoms are rarely present.
There are a few poisonous mushrooms in the 70 - 80 species of poisonous mushrooms that are potentially fatal if ingested. Therefore, recognizing these poisonous mushrooms is essential to avoid endangering life.

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References: britannica.com, betterhealth.vic.gov.au