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Pentoxifylline is a medicine that helps improve the symptoms of blood circulation problems in the legs/hands. Pentoxifylline can relieve muscle aches and cramps during exercise. What is Pentoxifylline? What is Pentoxifylline used for? What is the correct way to drink? What points to pay attention to, and note when using? The following article will help you better understand the uses of Pentoxifylline.
1. What are the uses of Pentoxifylline?
1.1. What is Pentoxifylline? Pentoxifylline belongs to a group of drugs that affect blood viscosity. The drug has many brand names such as: Capental SR; Perental LP; Polfilin 2%, Pentoxifylin, Pentoxifyllin, BFS-Pentoxifyllin, Bicaprol Injection, Jinmigit, Polfillin 2%. Pentoxifylline is also available in many different forms such as: 100mg/5ml syringe, 400mg slow-release tablets, 400mg softgels, 100mg enteric-soluble tablets.
Pentoxifylline is recommended for use in adults.
1.2. What is Pentoxifylline used for? Pentoxifylline restores the conformational capacity of red blood cells impaired in arteritis, allowing them to pass through capillaries of small diameter and thereby increasing perfusion of ischemic tissues.
Reducing blood viscosity has improved blood flow, increased blood flow to ischemic tissues, and increased tissue oxygen levels in people with chronic occlusive peripheral artery inflammation. Pentoxifylline also increases oxygen pressure in the cerebral cortex and cerebrospinal fluid, has been used to treat certain diseases of the cerebral circulation.
Pentoxifylline is prescribed by doctors in the following cases:
Treatment of intermittent claudication due to chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Improves limb function and disease symptoms, but is not a substitute for basic treatment for peripheral vasculitis such as bypass surgery or vascular stenosis revascularization vessels when indicated (e.g. percutaneous stent angioplasty). Adjuvant treatment of chronic cognitive and neurosensory impairments in the elderly (except Alzheimer's disease and other dementias).
2. Usage of Pentoxifylline blood pressure medicine
2.1. How to take Pentoxifylline Oral medication: Pentoxifylline is taken orally, preferably with meals to reduce digestive disorders. Swallow the tablet whole, do not chew, break or crush the tablet before taking it. Injection: Mix the drug into a solution suitable for intravenous infusion. Slow infusion of 100mg Pentoxifylline over at least 60 minutes. 2.2. Dosage of Pentoxifylline Oral:
For the treatment of intermittent claudication due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the usual adult dose of Pentoxifylline is as a delayed-release tablet, starting at 400 mg, Twice a day, then can increase to 3 times a day. If gastrointestinal or CNS ADRs are present, reduce dose by 400 mg, twice daily. If ADRs persist, the drug must be discontinued.
Although symptoms may be relieved in some patients within 2 to 4 weeks, treatment needs to be continued for at least 8 weeks to assess effectiveness, sometimes up to 6 months.
In patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment, dose reduction is required.
Hepatic impairment: Dosage reduction is required in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Renal impairment: Reduce dose by 30-50% if glomerular filtration rate is less than 30 ml/min. Injectable
Peripheral artery disease stage II (claudication) and eye circulation disorders: 100-600 mg x IV infusion 1-2 times/day. If used in combination with Pentoxifylline tablets, the total dose for both drugs is 1200 mg/day. Peripheral artery disease stage III and IV: 1200 mg/day or as a continuous infusion for 24 hours or in 2 divided doses of 600 mg infusion over at least 6 hours. Patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance <= 30ml/min): reduce the dose by 30-50%. Patients with severe hepatic impairment: Reduce dose according to patient tolerance. Patients with low blood pressure or prone to hypotension (severe coronary artery disease, narrowing of blood vessels to the brain): Start with a low dose and increase it gradually. Handling missed dose:
If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the scheduled time. Do not take twice the prescribed dose.
Treatment of overdose:
Symptoms:
Overdose with Pentoxifylline has occurred in both adults and children. Acquired overdose symptoms usually occur within 4-5 hours and persist for about 12 hours after ingestion; Overdose symptoms are dose related.
Acute toxicity due to a single oral dose of Pentoxifylline up to a maximum of 80 mg/kg, also fully recovered. The main symptoms include: flushing, convulsions, hypotension, fever, somnolence, loss of consciousness and agitation. One patient was noted to have intentionally taken 4-6 g of Pentoxifylline and after follow-up found severe bradycardia (only 30-40 beats/min), hypokalemia; AV block - first and second degree, atrial block - first degree persists for 18 hours after overdose. In addition, the patient still has symptoms of abdominal cramps, severe irritability, nausea and vomiting.
Management:
Treatment of Pentoxifylline overdose generally includes symptomatic treatment and supportive measures. There is no specific antidote for Pentoxifylline poisoning.
In acute Pentoxifylline overdose, gastric lavage should be performed immediately. If the patient is comatose, convulsive, or has lost pharyngeal reflexes, gastric lavage may be performed after intubation to prevent aspiration of gastric contents. After gastric lavage, activated charcoal can be given to prevent absorption of Pentoxifylline. Treat hypotension or convulsions if they occur.
If the patient is comatose, convulsive, or has lost pharyngeal reflexes, gastric lavage can be performed after endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration of gastric contents. After gastric lavage, activated charcoal can be given to prevent absorption of Pentoxifylline. Treat hypotension or convulsions if they occur.
3. Contraindications of the drug Pentoxifylline
Patients with hypersensitivity to Pentoxifylline or any ingredient of the drug. Pentoxifylline should not be used in patients with recent cerebral and/or retinal hemorrhage, or in patients with a previous history of intolerance to pentoxifylline or to methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline or theobromine. Acute myocardial infarction. Severe coronary artery disease. The patient is at risk or is having severe bleeding. Severe arrhythmia. Peptic ulcer.
4. Precautions when using Pentoxifylline
Caution when using the drug for:
Patients with chronic arterial occlusion of the extremities often have other manifestations of atherosclerotic disease. Pentoxifylline has been used safely for the treatment of peripheral artery disease in patients with concomitant coronary and cerebral artery disease, but sporadic cases of angina, hypotension, and hypotension have been reported. and arrhythmia. Controlled trials have shown that Pentoxifylline causes no more of these ADRs than placebo, but because it is a methylxanthine derivative it is possible that some people have such responses. Pentoxifylline should be avoided in cerebral hemorrhage, severe retinal hemorrhage, severe arrhythmia and acute myocardial infarction. Use with caution in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, low or unstable blood pressure. Pentoxifylline is considered unsafe for patients with porphyria. Patients treated with warfarin require more frequent monitoring of prothrombin time, while patients with other risk factors for bleeding complications (eg, recent surgery, peptic ulceration) , intracerebral and/or retinal hemorrhage) should be examined periodically for bleeding, including testing for platelet volume and/or hemoglobin ratio. Use with caution in patients with renal impairment as the accumulation of active metabolites in the kidney leads to an increased risk of ADR. Safety and effectiveness in children under 18 years of age have not been established. At the first signs of an anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction, Pentoxifylline should be stopped immediately and the doctor should be informed. Special careful monitoring is required in the following cases: Patients with severe hepatic impairment: Dosage reduction may be required. In patients treated concomitantly with Pentoxifylline with antidiabetic agents, Ciprofloxacin or Theophylline. Oral anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors: Cases of bleeding and/or prolongation of prothrombin time have been reported in patients receiving Pentoxifylline concomitantly with anticoagulants or platelet aggregation inhibitors. bridge. High doses of Pentoxifylline may enhance the effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes. Pentoxifylline should not be combined with Ketorolac or Meloxicam because there have been reports of increased bleeding risk, prolongation of Prothrombin time. Theophylline concentrations may be increased when co-administered with Pentoxifylline.
5. Pentoxifylline side effects
Common:
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia. Central nervous system: Dizziness, dizziness. Uncommon:
Cardiovascular: Angina pectoris, chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, palpitations. Gastrointestinal: Ợ gas, abdominal distension, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cholestasis in the liver, abdominal pain, constipation, dry mouth, thirst. Central nervous system: Headache, tremor, anxiety, agitation, dizziness, blurred vision, insomnia. Hematology: Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal bleeding. Other: Flu-like symptoms, laryngitis, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, earache, excessive salivation, sore throat, neck lymphadenopathy, irritability, weight change, brittle nails, rash, rash redness, anaphylaxis, angioedema, hepatitis, increased liver enzymes, increased serum fibrinogen concentration, leukopenia, erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, purpura. Non-regenerative anemia leading to death in patients receiving Pentoxifylline.
6. How to store Pentoxifylline?
Store in a cool dry place away from moisture Temperature below 30°C Avoid direct light.
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