Methods of treatment of facial fractures

The article was professionally consulted by Dr. Vu Duc Nha, Doctor of Dental - Jaw - Facial, Aesthetic Center - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.

Facial bones have a special structure that creates a different face shape. According to statistics, the rate of facial fractures accounts for about 5% of all fractures of the body. Facial fractures cause severe facial disfigurement. When treating, it must be combined with cosmetic adjustments to restore balance to the patient's face.

Structure of maxillofacial bone including upper jaw bone and lower jaw bone:

Is a five-major bone in the mid-face, articulating with other bones to form the orbit of the eyes, nose, maxillary sinuses, palate and base of the skull.
Fracture of the maxilla occurs when there is a direct impact on the middle layer of the face, causing a lot of bleeding, fast bone healing, often associated with trauma to the brain and other bones such as the main bone of the nose, cheekbones ..
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The mandible is a rigid, slender, curvilinear, movable body of bone.
The fracture line usually goes through the socket and socket, the bone moves in the direction of the contraction of the muscles, the healing ability is slower than that of the upper jaw.

Causes of maxillofacial fractures due to trauma and mainly traffic accidents:
Traffic accidents account for 60-70% of cases of maxillofacial fractures Work accidents Training injuries Ears daily life accident

Symptoms based on fracture location of maxillofacial bone

Pain, swelling after trauma, pain increases with movement of the lower jaw and when chewing Limit movement of the lower jaw due to pain. There is a sharp pain in the lower jaw area. Abnormalities in the lower jaw area, feeling that the bite is misaligned.

Pain in the upper jaw, cheekbones, around the eyes, on the bridge of the nose, pain increases when biting the jaws or pushing the upper arches of the upper teeth. Limitation of lower jaw movement to varying degrees Diplopia, reduced or lost vision in the injured eye, limitation or loss of eyeball movement due to displacement of the orbital bones, resulting in axial deviation of the eyeball, muscle entrapment or due to edema hematoma in the orbit. Ventilation through one nostril is difficult due to a deviated septum or a blood clot in the nose.

Acute complications caused by maxillofacial fractures include: Foreign body entering the airway, broken teeth, foreign body entering... causing suffocation; Bleed; Possible shock when combined with other injuries...
Facial fractures leave many sequels, causing severe facial deformities, eyelid drooping, cutting joints, reduction or loss of vision
Fractures Maxillofacial bone can be accompanied by traumatic brain injury, which is dangerous to the patient's life

Prevention of acute complications such as asphyxia due to foreign bodies, bleeding... Combined treatment of other injuries with a fixed chin bandage Use antibiotics to prevent infection, prevent edema, and relieve pain , parenteral infusion.

Conservative treatment by methods: Orthodontic jaw bone, fix broken bones, fix teeth and alveolar bone. Surgical treatment: Directly opening the fractured area, adjusting the fracture fragments to the correct position, then combining the broken bone with surgical steel thread or small screw brace The treatment of maxillofacial fracture must incorporate plastic surgery to minimize the degree of facial distortion, regain harmony for the patient's face. At Vinmec, the surgical method of jaw bone correction is applied to patients with deformities, malocclusion, sequelae of jaw fractures, cleft palate. Advantages of surgery: Correcting malocclusion due to bone structure, returning the function of chewing, biting and breathing well, making facial aesthetics harmonious, radically changing beauty. When performing surgery When you repair your jawbone at Vinmec, you will get:
Examination, consultation and treatment plan in the right process. Performed by a physician who is well trained and specialized in this type of technique. Modern facilities, meet accurate diagnosis and help the treatment process bring high efficiency Surgical anesthesia and good postoperative recovery After correcting malocclusion due to bone structure, return the function of chewing, biting, breathing well, making facial aesthetics harmonious, radically changing beauty.

Fractures of the maxillofacial bone can be accompanied by other injuries to the skull, which are life-threatening and can leave severe facial disfigurement sequelae.