Boerhaave's syndrome is caused by a ruptured esophagus caused by intense vomiting. The disorder may present with vague symptoms or the classic Mackler triad of vomiting, chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema (pneumothorax). Boerhaave syndrome is one of the most fatal gastrointestinal disorders, with a mortality rate of up to 40%.

Esophageal rupture often occurs after forceful vomiting. This injury is called Boerhaave syndrome, which is a tear through the esophageal wall. The disease can cause complications such as mediastinitis, sepsis, and a mortality rate of about 35%.