Why is there an anaphylactic reaction after vaccination?

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted by Specialist Doctor II Huynh Thi Diem Thuy - Vaccine Consultant - Pediatrics - Neonatology Department, Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.
To prevent some diseases, vaccination is indispensable and necessary, especially for infants. However, anaphylactic reactions can actually occur after vaccination, especially in children.

1. Causes of anaphylactic reactions in children after vaccination

“Anaphylaxis” is a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Chemicals released by the body's immune system can then push the patient into an anaphylactic reaction.
In the human body, the immune system has the role of producing specific antibodies to fight foreign agents entering the body. This is a beneficial response when the agent is harmful to the body. But there are some people whose immune systems overreact to even harmless substances, causing dangerous conditions for the body.
Anaphylaxis in children after vaccination is caused by an allergic reaction of the child to the components of the vaccine such as:
The vaccine is cultured in the protein medium from eggs, yeast, alcohol, gelatin, antibiotics, preservatives, and preservatives. , fixed Contaminated components such as latex Among which egg proteins, latex and gelatine are the most common causes of immediate allergic reactions.

2. Symptoms of anaphylactic reactions in children after vaccination

Symptoms of post-vaccination anaphylaxis in children usually occur within 4 hours of vaccination. A child is diagnosed with a suspected anaphylactic reaction when one or more of the following symptoms are present:
Skin symptoms such as: urticaria, Quincke's edema (angioedema), vasodilatation and pruritus. Symptoms on the respiratory tract: stuffy nose, runny nose, congestion of the nasal mucosa, hissing sound due to edema of the pharynx, larynx. Or symptoms in the lower respiratory tract such as stridor, wheezing, chest tightness, shallow breathing and, most seriously, respiratory failure. Cardiovascular symptoms: pale skin, low blood pressure, tachycardia, more severe can cause cardiac arrest. Stomach and intestinal symptoms: abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, more severe can lead to urinary incontinence. After returning from vaccination, if a child has one of the above symptoms, parents should urgently take the child to the nearest medical facility for timely emergency treatment.

3. Treatment of anaphylactic reactions in children after vaccination

When a child has an anaphylactic reaction, CPR should be performed if the child has stopped breathing or the heart stops beating. The drugs used in the treatment of anaphylaxis reactions in children after vaccination are:
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) drug works to reduce the body's allergic reaction. In case of detecting an anaphylactic reaction at the vaccination facility, the child should be placed on the left side, and an adrenaline injection with a dose of 0.01mg/kg body weight should be injected immediately. If the child does not improve after that, the injection should be repeated after 10 minutes. Administer oxygen to support respiratory failure. Use intravenous antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, airway edema, and improve breathing. Beta-agonists such as Albuterol are intended to improve respiratory symptoms. The rate of anaphylactic reactions when vaccinated with vaccines in children is very rare, only about 1 in 1,000,000. But everyone also needs to know the symptoms to recognize as well as how to handle when encountering this case. Because if not treated promptly, children can be in danger of life when they have an anaphylactic reaction after vaccination.
Vinmec Times City International General Hospital is an option for parents looking for a place to vaccinate their children. The hospital has built a professional vaccination and consultation room with a cold chain for optimal vaccine storage (from cold storage to vaccine refrigerators, there are temperature alarms that are over the allowed temperature range, ...
Vinmec Times City International General Hospital has proactively built an automatic vaccination reminder software to text customers right from the moment they give birth and use the service at Vinmec. building vaccination management software so that customers can check their injection history and injection plan via computer or phone
The screening doctors here have professional experience and can advise for adequate family pre-injection screening and post-injection follow-up to avoid anaphylaxis causing harm to the child's health.

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