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Posted by Dr. Huynh Thi Hien - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Vinmec Nha Trang International HospitalCervical ectropion is caused by glandular cells located in the cervical canal growing outward, invading the squamous epithelium of the cervix. When there is an ectopic pregnancy, the patient has an increase in vaginal secretions, which can easily lead to infection (e.g., ectopic pregnancy), the cause of cervical ectropion often occurs after miscarriage, abortion, childbirth. ...
1. Structure of the cervix
The cervix is the back part of the uterus, with a diameter of 2-4cm connecting the vagina with the uterus, the size has the ability to change according to certain phases of the body such as in some days of ovulation, there are menstruation or in childbirth. The opening of the cervix divides the uterus into two parts: the upper part of the vagina and the part that is inside the vagina, and these two parts are known as the internal and ectopic neck.
The pale pink outer neck is covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while the inner neck is covered with simple columnar epithelium. The cervix is an important place to prevent pathogens from spreading from the vagina to the uterus.
2. Cervical gland
Cervical ectropion is formed when glandular cells located in the cervical canal grow outward, invading the squamous epithelium of the cervix. When there is an ectopic pregnancy, the patient has an increase in vaginal discharge, which can easily lead to infection (e.g., ectopic pregnancy), the cause of cervical ectropion often occurs after miscarriage, abortion, childbirth. . Or congenital thyroid gland (common in girls because the mother used a lot of estrogen during pregnancy). In addition, reproductive tract infections caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses, etc. also increase the risk of thyroiditis.
Nguyên nhân gây viêm nhiễm lộ tuyến cổ tử cung thường xảy ra sau sảy thai, phá thai, sinh nở
3. Treatment of cervical ectropion
When the patient has vaginal discharge, painful sex or vaginal bleeding, or when a routine gynecological examination is found to have cervical ectropion, it should be treated promptly. If left untreated, cervical ectropion can increase a woman's risk of infertility or long-term damage can lead to lesions that are suspected of cervical cancer. Depending on the specific case, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment method for the patient.
Currently, there are many treatment methods for cervical ectropion. First, the patient is assigned to use vaginal suppositories, after the infection is reduced, the gland will be treated to destroy the gland, with methods of electrocautery, cryotherapy or laser burning.... Advantages of the methods This treatment can thoroughly treat thyroid disease, prevent the invasion and development of gland cells, especially those suspected of developing into cervical cancer. quickly, can minimize the risk of recurrence of the disease and reduce the risk of causing gynecological infections later.
3.1 Method of electric burning
Electrocautery is a method of using high-frequency electric current to destroy lesions in the cervix, causing the necrotic tissue to peel off. This technique requires experienced practitioners, only burning at a moderate depth to achieve the desired effect, burning too deeply will leave scars on the uterine surface, affecting the endocrine system, changing Uterine mucus increases the risk of infertility.
3.2 Cryotherapy
Phương pháp áp lạnh sẽ khiến cho các mô hoại tử của viêm loét chết đi và bong ra
Cryotherapy is the method of using liquid nitrogen, which evaporates at extremely low temperatures, is guided through a special metal instrument that can be applied to the lesion, freezing at that location, causing the tissue to destroy. The uterine cavity dies and peels off, the squamous cells on the outside of the uterine opening will gradually cover, making the cervix return to normal.
3.3 Laser treatment
Laser ablation is usually applied to cases of inflammation with a large and deep area. Depending on the size of the damaged tissue, the depth of the lesion, the extent of the disease, the doctor will use a suitable laser. combination to destroy inflammation and keep tissue free from ulcers.
3.4 Knife Treatment LEEP
LEEP knife treatment is a technology that uses a high-frequency electric knife through a small metal wire LOOP to lead to the top of the electrode producing heat, causing the amount of water in the cells to form a steam wave to eliminate inflammation, not affects the tissue around the wound edge, does not affect the ability to get pregnant in the future.
4. Cervical gland electrocautery procedure
Methods of ablation and destruction of glands are carried out according to the following procedure:
Patients are given a gynecological examination, colposcopy, cervical cancer screening by the method: PAP'S or thinprep Use of drugs to treat systemic infections body and site causing vaginal infection Perform electrocautery immediately after menstruation Depending on the extent of damage to the route, burning time is about 10-15 minutes Recovery time is usually one month after burning, during Regeneration of epithelial cells will cause increased vaginal discharge, 2-3 weeks have scaly discharge with brownish color sometimes mixed with blood. In the case of vaginal discharge lasting more than 6 weeks with a fishy odor, or bleeding more than normal menstruation, it is necessary to go to the hospital for treatment immediately, to avoid the risk of infection.
5. Note when treating cervical ectropion
Không quan hệ tình dục trong thời gian hồi phục
To ensure a quick recovery and increase the effectiveness of the treatment of uterine ectropion, the patient should pay attention:
Do not have sex during the recovery period because the cervix has not completely healed after burning. Having sex soon after can lead to bleeding and further damage to the cervix. Clean the external genitalia every day, abstain from douching. Have a reasonable diet, rest, and activities. Limit hard labor and travel a lot to avoid affecting the wound Use prescription drugs and follow-up doctor's instructions. During the recovery process, the patient may encounter some of the following problems:
Infection of the cervix and vagina: a lot of foul discharge and blood The cervix is narrowed, when giving birth, labor is difficult, difficult to follow. Monitoring pathological lesions Currently, the obstetrics departments of Vinmec International General Hospital have highly qualified, experienced gynecologists, fully equipped with modern equipment to screen and treat cervical diseases. , helping women feel secure to be consulted, examined and treated effectively - safely.
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