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Mood disorder is the second most common mental illness in the world and in Vietnam today. This disease usually occurs when the brain has a disorder of consciousness that leads to abnormal emotional changes. The disease affects many psychological problems, physical as well as quality of life. Read on to learn more about the causes and signs of affective disorder, as well as how to prevent and treat affective disorder.
1. What is psycho-emotional disorder? Classified how?
Emotional turmoil can affect us in many ways. Not only that, but every person has different triggers, and some people will react more strongly to certain emotional stimuli than others. Something that may seem innocuous to some people can send these people into a state of negative thinking that leads to ill-advised actions.
To learn how to correct these emotional disturbances, we must first understand the dangers it can pose. We must then monitor our thoughts and actions for signs of what degree of emotional turmoil we are experiencing. Through mindfulness, we can learn to better regulate our emotions and prevent them from threatening our sanity.
It is estimated that about 5% of the world population suffers from affective disorder. When suffering from this disease, they often fall into a state of negative thoughts, mixed happiness and sadness.
Mood disorders are divided into 2 basic types:
Depression: This is also the most common emotional disorder. Characteristic manifestations of this condition are low mood, melancholy, fatigue, decreased energy, no interest or interest in things around. Manic syndrome: Mania refers to an emotional state that fluctuates abnormally from excitement to excitement, inhibition to depression, which is difficult to define. The symptoms of this syndrome are cyclical in nature, alternating between periods of normal, stable emotions.
2. Causes and signs, risk of affective disorder syndrome
2.1. Reason
It is estimated that about 0.8 - 1.6% of the world's population suffers from bipolar disorder. And up to 5.8% of people suffer from depression. This number is getting bigger and bigger and becoming a big concern for all mankind. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked depression as the world's fourth largest health problem.
This is a common disease, but until now, the etiology and pathogenesis of affective disorder have not been elucidated. There are many theories put forward, but in which the biological and physiological hypothesis is said to have a decisive role.
The causes that can lead to emotional disorders are:
Genetic factors Many studies show that if 1 in 1 first-generation relative has depression, the risk of depression is 10-15% or mania 15-20%. Although determining the role of genes in the development of affective disorder, the genetic modus operandi has not been specifically evaluated by researchers. Some preliminary studies show that mood disorders can be inherited through 2 genes, the MAOA gene (responsible for the energy levels of MAO - monoamine oxidase) and the 5 HTT gene (transport serotonin).
Neurotransmission disorders According to research, most patients with emotional disorders when tested have changes in the levels of central neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, noradrenalin, . .. in cerebrospinal fluid, urine and blood. Abnormal changes in these indicators suggest that neurotransmission disorders have a certain role in the pathogenesis of emotional disturbances. Specifically:
Dopamine is a hormone that creates feelings of happiness, excitement and excitement. In people with affective disorders, blood levels of dopamine have been found to be decreased in depressive disorders and increased in manic syndromes. Noradrenalin: Noradrenalin levels are significantly reduced in people with mood disorders Serotonin: Serotonin levels in people with mood disorders are significantly reduced compared to healthy people. And the metabolites of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are also significantly reduced. Endocrine disorders (hormones) Causes of emotional disorders must include endocrine disorders, in which mainly changes in the hormone cortisol (adrenal axis) and thyroid hormone. The fact also shows that abnormal emotional changes are common in people with endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, ...
Published research shows that patients people with emotional disorders have hypothalamus (hypothalamus) - pituitary gland, adrenal gland dysfunction leading to increased secretion of the hormone cortisol (the hormone released during stress). Therefore, excessive stress or anxiety is considered a risk factor for mental illness.
Changes in thyroid hormones are considered a clinical manifestation of emotional disturbances. Specifically, people with this condition often have lower-than-normal thyroid hormone levels. However, the amount of hormone produced remains within limits and is sufficient to meet life activities.
Relationship between individuals - family and society Family and social relationships are factors that go along with physiological and biological factors. When living in an unhappy family, parents often quarrel, there are many conflicts, members are abused, abused, socio-economic circumstances, orphaned parents under the age of 15,... are increased risk of emotional disturbances.
Being abused or abused increases the risk of mental disorders – one of a number of affective disorders
In addition, the risk of this affective disorder is also increased by 6 times if the patient has to experience one or more negative events that cause serious psychological and emotional trauma.
Other causes, factors Cognitive factors (people with emotional disorders often have false perceptions, egotism or excessive self-esteem) Nervous system immunity (such as leukocytosis) , increased antibodies, and inflammatory substances in the central nervous system) Personality (an introverted person, independent too early, easily stressed, has to shoulder too much family responsibilities... often at risk. The risk of depression is higher than other people. While people with mania lead a normal life and personality) Effects of certain medical conditions (cancer, brain tumor, heart attack, disease, etc.) Infectious,...)
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2.2. Symptom
Emotional disturbances accompanied by manifestations of psychological and cognitive symptoms such as:
Aggression, irritability or agitation Changes in mood, personality or behavior Confusion or forgetfulness Difficulty concentrating or attention Difficulty remembering, thinking, speaking, understanding, writing, or reading Hallucinations or delusions Increased arousal or perception Reckless or inappropriate behavior Other accompanying symptoms:
Appetite and weight changes severe Changes in bowel movements Cough that gets worse over time Fatigue Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, fever, sore throat, headache, cough, aches) Feeling sick Loss of control, weakness or changes in sensation Nausea with or without vomiting Pain or discomfort Seizures and tremors Difficulty breathing Sleep disturbances Other dangerous symptoms that are life-threatening requiring medical intervention:
Danger to yourself or others, including threatening, irrational or suicidal behavior Sudden mental state changes or sudden changes in behavior, such as confusion, Delirium, coma, hallucinations and delusions Trauma, such as bone deformities, burns, eye injuries and other trauma.
2.3. Risk
Emotional regulation is an important part of our overall wellness routine. When our emotions are compromised, we may find that we no longer care as much about hygiene or other physical health concerns.
Emotional turmoil can also threaten our relationships with others. We will do great harm to ourselves and to our relationships if we let our emotional turmoil run its course unchecked.
The highest risk of suicide is for people who are depressed or have severe bipolar disorder. Thoughts of self-destruction or suicide are common with people with this disorder. The suicide rate in Vietnam due to depression is up to 23.2%.
3. Common types of emotional disorders
3.1. Anxiety disorders
We all experience feelings of anxiety from time to time, but for many people, including children, anxiety can be overwhelming, persistent, seemingly uncontrollable, leading to overwhelming. May involve irrational fears about everyday situations. This high level of anxiety is a surefire warning sign that a person may have an anxiety disorder.
The term “anxiety disorder” is a broad term that includes a number of different disabilities that share the same core symptom of irrational fear. These include various disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (also known as social anxiety disorder). called social phobia) and specific phobia.
According to the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness affecting children and adults. They are also highly curable. Unfortunately, only about 36.9% of those affected receive treatment.
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3.2. Bipolar disorder
Also known as manic-depressive illness, bipolar disorder is a serious medical condition that causes significant mood swings from “too high” and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, after that returns, usually between episodes of normal mood. Severe changes in energy and behavior accompany these changes in mood.
For most people with bipolar disorder, these mood swings and related symptoms can be stabilized over time using a combination of medication and psychosocial treatment
3.3. Behavioral disorders
Conduct disorder refers to a group of behavioral and emotional problems in adolescents. Children and adolescents with this disorder have a hard time following rules and behaving in a socially acceptable way. This may include some of the following behaviors:
Aggressive with people and animals; Destruction of property; Lie, lie, or steal; Truancy or other serious rule violations. Treatment will depend on your child's symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on the severity of the condition. Treatment may include:
Helping the child learn to solve problems, communicate and handle stress better, as well as how to manage impulses and anger (known as cognitive-behavioral therapy). ); Family therapy; Peer group therapy (to help improve social skills and interpersonal communication); Medications (although these are not usually used to treat behavioral disorders).
3.4. Eating disorder
Eating disorders are characterized by extremes in eating behavior - too much or too little - or feelings of extreme distress or anxiety about body weight or shape. Women are more likely to have an eating disorder than men.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are the two most common types of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by self-starvation and severe weight loss. Binge eating involves a cycle of binge eating that then induces vomiting or regurgitation on its own. Both of these disorders are potentially life-threatening.
Binge eating is also considered an eating disorder. It is characterized by eating too much food, while feeling unable to control how much or what is eaten. Unlike bulimia, binge eaters often don't clear it up afterward by vomiting or using laxatives.
According to the National Eating Disorders Association: Treatment for an eating disorder typically includes a combination of psychological and nutritional counseling, along with medical and psychiatric monitoring. Treatment must address the eating disorder symptoms and medical consequences, as well as the psychological, biological, interpersonal, and cultural forces that contribute to or perpetuate the eating disorder.
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3.5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Often referred to as OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder is actually considered an anxiety disorder. OCD is characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Repetitive behaviors (washing hands, counting, checking, or cleaning up) are often done in the hope of stopping obsessive thoughts or making them go away. However, performing these so-called "rituals" only provides temporary relief, and not doing them will markedly increase anxiety.
Much scientific evidence shows that OCD is the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain.
3.6. Psychosis
“Mental disorder” is another umbrella term used to refer to serious mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perception. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs, such as thinking that someone is conspiring against you. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing, or feeling that something is not there. Schizophrenia is a type of mental disorder.
Treatment for mental disorders will vary from person to person, depending on the specific disorder involved. Most are treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy.
4. Prevention and treatment of emotional disorder syndrome
Currently, understanding of emotional disorders is still limited. Therefore, the treatment of this pathology is still difficult, but basically it is possible to manage the disease, improve the quality of life of the patient, and modern medicine has also studied many therapeutic methods without the use of drugs. drug use and reduce the burden on family and society.
Principles of treatment of emotional disorders:
Based on the level of symptoms to provide interventions. Treatment is mainly in 2 main stages: depression and mania In severe cases, hospitalization is required to avoid suicide (in patients with depression) and prevention of consequences from agitation (major manic patients) Treatment of affective disorders can scientifically combine psychotherapy and a combination of alternative therapies. Change to a healthier, more active lifestyle. The goal of these methods is to help protect the safety of the patient and those around them. At the same time, reduce the level of depressive disorder, prevent suicide, impart knowledge to patients and relatives to control the disease effectively.
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its examination and consultation services. comprehensive and professional medical consultation and treatment; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space.
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References: parentcenterhub.org, amethystrecovery.org, healthgrades.com
