Purpose of endometrial biopsy

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Endometrial biopsy is a procedure to diagnose many diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. This technique not only helps the doctor to know the physical lesions of the mucosa such as cervical cancer,... This method also assesses the patient's genital endocrine status.

1. What is the endometrium?

The endometrium, also known as the lining of the uterus, is the layer of cells that covers the entire inner surface of the uterus. The endometrium plays an important role in embryo implantation and fetal development. Based on the change of sex hormones (Estrogen and Progesteron) according to each phase of the menstrual cycle, there is a change in the thickness of the uterine lining.
The uterine lining is thickest before the day of menstruation, from 12 to 16 mm, due to the sudden drop in the concentration of sex hormones that cause menstruation, causing the size of the uterine cell layer to decrease to 3 up to 4mm when menstruation ends and gradually increases in the following days.

2. Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial biopsy is an invasive procedure in which the medical staff uses a biopsy instrument to take a small sample of the lining of the uterus. After looking at the cells under the microscope, the doctor will assess which stage of the endothelial cell cycle is in and how much hormone is present, thereby determining the development and maturation of the oocyte.

3. Purpose of endometrial biopsy

The purpose of endometrial biopsy is to detect diseases of the lining of the uterus and to check that sex hormone levels affect the regeneration of the lining during each menstrual cycle. Therefore, indications for biopsy include:
Menstrual disorders: Amenorrhea (No menstrual period), menorrhagia (bleeding more than usual, if it lasts more than 15 days, it is called heavy bleeding). Menstruation returns after menopause: A healthy woman after menopause (menopause is the absence of a period for more than 1 year) does not have a period. If the patient has returned to menstruating, there is a hormonal abnormality of the thickened uterine lining (endometrial hyperplasia). Biopsy has diagnostic value in endometrial hyperplasia. If the uterine lining is too thick, it will affect conception. Bleeding during treatment with sex hormones: Menstruation occurs due to sudden changes in hormone levels, so when the patient has to be treated with hormone drugs, menstruation occurs.. After Pap test, abnormality (smear smear) cervical cells). This is a simple cytology test to detect abnormal cells in the epithelial lining of the cervix. If the cytological results are not clear, it is necessary to do more biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia, uterine cancer... Evaluation of fertility: Based on the thickness of the endometrial layer can make a preliminary assessment of the patient's ability to become pregnant. Based on the size of the mucosa to check the response to sex hormone therapy.

4. Note when performing the trick

This is an invasive procedure so there are risks, complications, and possible complications. To limit possible complications, you need to inform your doctor about your health:
Pregnant: This procedure is contraindicated for pregnant women. The pelvis is suffering from acute inflammation or infection in the cervix and vagina. If the patient has inflammation in the genital area or adjacent organs, when performing invasive procedures can cause superinfection, making the infection worse. After the procedure, you may have pain in your lower abdomen for 1 to 2 days, or some bleeding. This is a normal symptom. If you still feel pain in your lower abdomen that doesn't improve 1 to 2 days after the procedure or has abnormal vaginal discharge, you should immediately go to the clinic or medical facility with an obstetrics specialist for a doctor to examine and give you an appointment. find a treatment that is right for you. The procedure is performed by inserting a biopsy instrument through the cervix into the uterus. Because it can cause uterine contractions, you will be able to take pain relievers, smooth muscle relaxants or use local anesthetics. You need to inform the medical staff about your allergy history to avoid unfortunate cases from happening. This is a procedure that has diagnostic value in many diseases (endometrial hyperplasia, cervical cancer, infertility,...) but is not performed continuously and many times before agreeing to perform. You need to understand the purpose, the notes, the complications and the complications when performing a curettage of the uterine lining.
Vinmec International General Hospital is a reliable address for women, when having problems related to gynecological diseases, need to perform hysteroscopy to cure the biopsy. This is a modern testing technique that is covered by Health Insurance at Vinmec system.

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