Ovarian tumor progression and complications

This is an automatically translated article.

Ovarian cysts can develop from tissues of the ovary or from tissues of other organs in the body, and they can exist in many different forms such as solid, cystic or mixed, each of which has its own unique characteristics. progression and complications.

1. What is an ovarian tumor?

Ovarian tumors are tumors of the ovary seen in women of all ages, including primary and secondary tumors due to distant metastases to the ovary. In the primary tumor, depending on the nature of the tumor can be divided into solid, cystic or mixed.
1.1 Cystic Tumor Cysts, also known as ovarian cysts, are cysts that form in the ovary, with an outer sheath and a fluid-filled interior. Ovarian cysts can occur at any age, there are two types of cysts: functional cysts and organic cysts.
1.1.1 Functional cyst Functional cyst is derived from ovarian follicles, the tumor structure is a sticky, transparent and colorless mucus layer. Cysts born due to physiological disorders, forming and growing on only one ovary (left or right ovarian cyst), small size (not exceeding 7cm), usually exist for a short time then disappear.
Functional cysts include:
Ovarian cyst: A normal egg develops in a sac called an ovum. Normally, the follicle will burst and release the egg, if the follicle does not rupture, the fluid inside the ovum can form an ovarian cyst. The corpus luteum cyst: The cysts will usually dissolve on their own after the egg is released, but if the cysts do not dissolve and their mouths open, fluid can grow inside the sac and accumulate, causing a corpus luteum cyst. 1.1.2 Organic ovarian cysts Organic ovarian cysts account for 60-80% of all cysts, the majority of which are benign. Physical cysts include:
Seborrheic cyst: Cyst has a thin shell, long roll, contains clear fluid, the size of the tumor is large, sometimes it completely fills the abdomen. Tumors are usually benign, sometimes with papillae on the inner or outer surface of the capsule. If there is a papilloma, it is likely to be malignant. Mucinous cyst: Has a cystic structure consisting of 2 layers, fibrous organization and columnar epithelium. Cyst consists of many lobes, the largest size of ovarian tumors. Mucinous cysts account for 10-20% of all epithelial tumors, of which 85% are benign. Dermoid cyst: Also known as teratoma, the tumor contains tissue arising from germ cells, in the cyst contains tissues such as teeth, hair, and bean pulp. Tumors are usually detected between the ages of 20 and 30, they are usually benign but can also become malignant. Endometriosis: Due to endometrial gland growing outside the uterus, it is common in the ovaries. Endometriosis when bleeding will form cysts. The cysts have a thin, clear shell, containing dark brown fluid, which is easily broken when dissected

1.2 Solid tumors Solid tumors have a higher rate of malignancy than cystic tumors. Secondary ovarian tumors are tumors that have metastasized from other organs to
1.3 Mixed ovarian tumors Mixed ovarian tumors are tumors that have both cystic and solid components.

2. Ovarian tumor progression and complications

2.1 Developments occurring in ovarian tumors Ovarian tumors often develop silently, without symptoms, most are discovered when the patient has gynecological examination or imaging methods for other diseases. However, when it turns to malignancy, it develops very quickly.
With ovarian tumor, the possible progressions are:
Tumor does not change in size Tumor disappears: usually occurs with functional tumors, usually disappears after a few menstrual cycles The tumor is getting bigger and bigger. In addition, the patient's abdomen is getting bigger and bigger, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as urinary retention, diarrhea, lower abdominal pain,.. Tumor complications occur: cyst torsion, cyst rupture, cyst infection, bleeding in the cyst. , risk of turning into cancer,... 2.2 Complications of ovarian tumors Common complications of ovarian tumors are:
Torsion of the cyst: Common in cysts with long stalks, non-adherent, small tumors are easier to twist. large tumor. When torsion can cause anemia, ovarian necrosis. If not treated in time, the tumor ruptures or necrosis, the patient may die. Symptoms are sudden, severe pain, especially ovarian pain, sweating, vomiting. This is an emergency, requiring quick surgery to save the patient. Ruptured ovarian cyst: If an ovarian cyst is not detected early, it can grow large and burst. Cyst rupture usually occurs with thin-shelled water cysts, causing bleeding and severe pain around the abdomen. Cyst rupture can cause dangerous complications such as ruptured ovarian cyst, hemorrhage, infection. The patient needed emergency surgery. Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst: This is the most common complication of ovarian cysts. A hemorrhagic cyst occurs when a blood vessel resting on the wall of the cyst ruptures, blood spilling from the vessel into the cyst and causing the cyst to enlarge at a moderate rate. Monitoring for hemorrhagic ovarian cysts is essential to ensure that the tumor remains within limits and does not pose a threat to the ovaries. Symptoms are pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis (ovarian pain), sudden, severe pain that may begin and go away, vaginal pain or bleeding from the vagina, pain after exercise Exercising or having sex, nausea, vomiting, menstrual cycle disturbances, etc. When the cyst grows large and bleeds a lot, the patient has a lot of pain that can be indicated by surgery to remove the cyst. Pregnancy with ovarian cysts: Cysts are usually diagnosed during routine prenatal ultrasound. Usually corpus luteum or dermoid cyst, rarely malignant cyst. If cyst torsion is predicted, surgery should be performed as soon as possible, but surgery should be performed after 16 weeks because surgery in the first 3 months can cause miscarriage. Other complications of ovarian tumors are infertility, premature birth, miscarriage, difficulty in labor, and cancer. Ovarian tumors have some forms that are not dangerous and gradually disappear, but there are also forms that cause very serious complications, threatening the patient's life. Ovarian tumors often appear and develop silently, without symptoms, some non-specific symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, menstrual disorders, a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen,... may appear. when u grow up. Ultrasound is a diagnostic method. Therefore, periodic gynecological examination combined with ultrasound is an important prevention method, helping to detect the disease early, treat it promptly, and avoid possible complications.

Currently, Vinmec International General Hospital systems have been using modern generations of color ultrasound machines. One of them is GE Healthcarecar's Logig E9 ultrasound machine with full options, HD resolution probes for clear images, accurate assessment of lesions. In addition, a team of experienced doctors and nurses will greatly assist in the diagnosis and early detection of abnormal signs of the body in order to provide timely treatment.

Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.