Notes in first aid for people with accidents

This is an automatically translated article.

This article is expertly consulted by Master, Doctor Bui Ngoc Phuong Hoa - General Internal Medicine - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Danang International General Hospital.
The sooner a patient with a stroke (cerebrovascular accident) arrives at the hospital, the higher the chance of a cure. Conversely, the later the patient arrives, the lower the probability of success and the higher the risk of death.

1. What is a cerebrovascular accident?

There are two types of cerebrovascular accident: cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral infarction is when the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly stopped or the blood clots move up from the heart to block a blood vessel in the brain. The phenomenon of cerebral embolism occurs due to a lack of blood in a small area of ​​the brain and causes micro-necrosis of the brain, causing symptoms, most commonly in stroke patients, hemiplegia, distortion of the mouth and inability to speak. . Intracerebral hemorrhage is more dangerous and has a higher mortality rate due to excessive pressure on the walls of the blood vessels causing rupture of blood vessels, the most common cause of which is uncontrolled high blood pressure. These are the 2 main types of stroke and both are related to age, the older the age, the higher the risk of stroke, the most common age for stroke is from 60-70.
It has been found that the older you are, the greater your risk of stroke. Because as age increases, the patient's risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases is the same. These are risk factors for stroke. However, recently, the number of stroke patients at a young age is quite common due to many reasons. The first is the use of addictive drugs, especially tobacco because tobacco is considered an important risk factor for stroke.
Next comes the excessive use of alcohol. Not to mention modern life, stress levels are also higher, increasing the frequency of stroke in younger patients. First aid for people having a stroke plays an important role in the patient's ability to recover after a stroke.

2. First aid in case of an accident and notes in first aid for accident victims

Take the patient to the hospital immediately. Currently, most people do not have first aid knowledge, leading to incorrect treatment, causing serious consequences later for stroke patients. Many families who brought stroke patients late to explain innocently that they heard that the stroke could not be moved, so they should stay still at home and use folk methods such as using an ox-royal palace. blood, squeeze blood from fingertips, ear lobes, acupressure, acupuncture without taking the patient to the hospital right away, by the time the patient is brought to the hospital, most of them are too late, passing the golden opportunity to intervene. And if we delay for 1 minute, brain cells can die up to 2 million cells and cannot be restored. If we decide to leave the patient at home and not send him to the hospital, then we have inadvertently lost the golden time that can be treated for the patient. The sooner a patient arrives at the hospital, the higher the chance of a cure. Conversely, the later the patient arrives, the lower the probability of success and the higher the risk of death.
Early detection of signs of complications such as: mouth distortion, evident when the patient smiles, bares teeth. Weakness in the limbs, can be checked by asking the patient to raise his arms and legs high. Abnormal language, slurred speech, may ask the patient to repeat a phrase to see if they can understand and repeat it. Immediately take the patient to the nearest accident treatment hospital.

Do not apply unscientific methods. Some patients have a stroke, swallowing function is affected and if we intentionally give the patient drugs such as burdock or other drugs of unknown origin, we may accidentally increases the risk of pneumonia due to aspiration, food, or drugs falling into the lungs. As for the measures of stabbing fingers and earlobes, that is a completely unscientific measure, inadvertently delaying taking the patient to the hospital and losing the patient's golden time. No sudden drop in blood pressure. As soon as we measure the blood pressure of a stroke patient, we don't need to do anything, because when we have a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially a lot of doctors, even relatives, we see that the patient has high blood pressure and we hurry. Yellow drops of Adalat drops on the tongue cause a rapid drop in blood pressure and that can affect the perfusion of the brain and cause more brain cell death. As I said at the beginning when we detect stroke patients, the most important thing we should do is move the patient to the hospital as soon as possible, without having to do anything. The transient ischemic attack should not be subjective. In many cases, only the symptoms of a stroke are transient, about an hour later, then gradually subside, but do not think that you are well. Because the blockage of a small blood vessel will cause a small part of the brain tissue to be temporarily deprived of blood and soon be restored by a self-dissolving clot (due to its small size), or this brain tissue may receive blood flow from a branch. adjacent blood vessels (segmental circulation). However, about 1 in 10 patients with a "transient" ischemic attack will develop a true stroke within a week.
Determine the exact stroke recovery time to apply appropriate treatments. Keep the patient still, avoid falling, then have the patient lie with the head 30 degrees. If the patient is drowsy, comatose: Need to see if the patient is breathing normally, breathing fast, breathing slowly or stopping breathing. If circulation stops, artificial respiration is needed, because respiratory emergency is the first thing to do to ensure enough oxygen for the heart and brain. The "golden time" is 6 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms. The best time is 3 hours after a stroke. With the advancement of medicine, it is now possible to use drugs to dissolve blood clots that cause cerebral vascular occlusion. However, it is only used for patients who arrive at the hospital as early as 4.5 hours after the onset of the disease. From 4.5 to 6 hours, only catheterization can be applied with a thrombectomy device. If later, there is no longer the ability to ventilate, the treatment is very difficult, the probability of a bad prognosis is very high. Do not let the patient eat or drink to prevent vomiting, reflux of food into the airways will be very dangerous.

Stroke is a very dangerous disease if not diagnosed and treated in time. Therefore, early stroke screening is extremely important and necessary. Currently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI/MRA is considered a "golden" tool to screen for brain stroke. MRI is used to check the condition of most organs in the body, especially valuable in detailed imaging of the brain or spinal nerves. Due to the good contrast and resolution, MRI images allow to detect abnormalities hidden behind bone layers that are difficult to recognize with other imaging methods. MRI can give more accurate results than X-ray techniques (except for DSA angiography) in diagnosing brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, strokes,... Moreover, the process MRI scans do not cause the side effects seen in X-rays or computed tomography (CT).
Vinmec International General Hospital currently owns a 3.0 Tesla MRI System, which is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment by GE Healthcare (USA) with high image quality, allowing for a comprehensive assessment, without omitting the injury without leaving any damage. and reduce shooting time. Silent technology helps to reduce noise, create comfort and reduce stress for the client during the shooting process, resulting in better image quality and shorter imaging time. With the state-of-the-art MRI system With the application of modern methods of cerebral vascular intervention, a team of experienced and well-trained neurologists and radiologists, Vinmec is a prestigious address for stroke risk screening and screening. reliable goods.
In the past time; Vinmec has successfully treated many cases of stroke in a timely manner, leaving no sequelae: saving the life of a patient suffering from 2 consecutive strokes; Responding to foreign female tourists to escape the "death door" of a stroke;...

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