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Metronidazole is a nitro imidazole derivative, with a spectrum of activity against mainly anaerobic bacteria. On the market today, there are many products containing this antibiotic active ingredient, including Metronidazole 500mg/100ml. So, how does Metronidazole work and how is it indicated?
1. What is Metronidazole 500mg/100ml?
Metronidazole 500mg/100ml is prepared in the form of an infusion solution, packed in 1 bottle per box with the main ingredient being the antibiotic Metronidazole 500mg/100ml. This product is manufactured by Binh Dinh Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Company (BIDIPHAR) and circulated in Vietnam with registration number VNA-4209-05.
2. What is the use of Metronidazole?
Metronidazole is an antibiotic belonging to the group of nitro imidazole derivatives, the spectrum of action is mainly on completely anaerobic bacteria. Metronidazole is effective against both Trichomonas and other protozoa, including Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.Mechanism of action of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml: The nitro group of Metronidazole is reduced by electron transport proteins or by ferredoxin. The reduced form of metronidazole will lose the helical structure of DNA, thereby killing bacteria and protozoa.
3. Indications and contraindications Metronidazole 500mg/100ml
Metronidazole 500mg/100ml product is indicated in the following cases:
Prophylaxis of infections with drug-sensitive anaerobic bacteria after surgery, especially Bacteroides and anaerobic Streptococcus. Intra-abdominal, gynecological, or colorectal surgery carries a high risk of infection with these two types of bacteria; Treatment of serious internal and gynecological infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, especially Bacteroides and anaerobic Streptococcus. Metronidazole 500mg/100ml is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to Metronidazole, other imidazole derivatives or any of its ingredients.
4. Instructions for using Metronidazole 500mg/100ml
Metronidazole 500mg / 100ml is used by intravenous infusion and should only be administered by nurses or medical staff. The specific dosage of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml is as follows: Note that the infusion rate should be maintained at about 5ml/min (or 1 bottle of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml infusion over a period of 20 to 60 minutes).
Prophylaxis of postoperative infections caused by anaerobic bacteria: This indication is common after abdominal surgery, (especially colorectal surgery) and gynecological surgery. The use of antibiotic Metronidazole 500mg/100ml should only be maintained for a short time, limited to the postoperative period (about 24 hours and maximum 48 hours): Adults: Intravenous infusion of a dose of 1000mg-1500mg, equivalent to 2 to 3 bottles of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml at 30-60 minutes before surgery or 500mg (1 bottle of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml) right before surgery, during or after surgery, then continue to maintain the dose 500mg IV every 8 hours; Children under 12 years of age: Metronidazole dose is 20-30mg/kg intravenously as a single dose at 1-2 hours before surgery; Neonates to less than 40 weeks of age: Metronidazole dose 10mg/kg body weight, a single infusion before surgery; Treatment of anaerobic infections: Adults: Intravenous infusion of 2-3 bottles of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml once daily or 1 bottle of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml IV every 8 hours; Children 8 weeks to 12 years: 20 to 30 mg/kg/day as a single dose or divided into 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours. The daily dose of Metronidazole may be increased to 40 mg/kg, depending on the severity of the infection. The duration of treatment with Metronidazole 500mg/100ml is usually 7 days; Children under 8 weeks of age: 15mg/kg as a single dose or 7.5mg/kg every 12 hours; The treatment time of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml from 7-10 days is suitable for most cases, however, depending on the clinical situation and the type of bacteria acquired, the doctor may prolong the treatment time.
5. Metronidazole 500mg/100ml side effects
Side effects of Metronidazole 500mg / 100ml on the hematopoietic and lymphatic system: The drug can reduce white blood cell count, agranulocytosis or neutrophils, reduce platelet and eosinophil counts; Metronidazole 500mg/100ml causes digestive disorders, including glossitis, stomatitis, dry mouth, pancreatitis, epigastric pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation or tongue discoloration; Side effects on skin and subcutaneous tissue, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, urticaria, pruritus, rash, facial swelling.
6. Drug interactions of Metronidazole 500mg/100ml
Disulfiram: Concomitant use with Metronidazole 500mg/100ml may lead to psychotic reactions and confusion. Note that Metronidazole is not indicated for patients who have taken Disulfiram for 2 weeks; Alcohol: Concomitant administration of metronidazole 500mg/100ml may cause effects similar to those of disulfiram, including vomiting and tachycardia.
7. Precautions when using Metronidazole 500mg/100ml
Metronidazole 500mg/100ml should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment, the dose may be reduced as necessary. Metronidazole is metabolized mainly by oxidative reactions in the liver, so the clearance of Metronidazole may be significantly reduced in cases of advanced liver failure; Use in patients with renal failure: Metronidazole is eliminated during hemodialysis, so Metronidazole 500mg/100ml should be infused after the end of dialysis; Patients with renal impairment, including patients on peritoneal dialysis, should be monitored for signs of toxicity due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites of Metronidazole; Note when using Metronidazole 500mg/100ml for pregnant and lactating patients:
Because Metronidazole 500mg/100ml can cross the placental barrier, it should be limited when the patient is pregnant; Patients who are breastfeeding should stop taking Metronidazole 500mg/100ml.
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