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If a doctor is required to prescribe antibiotics during pregnancy for treatment, the specific drugs must be selected carefully. Some antibiotics may be safe during pregnancy, while others are contraindicated.1. Antibiotics
Drugs that have anti-fungal, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial effects are collectively referred to as antibiotics. The three commonly known classes of antibiotics are:Penicillin (PenVK): A narrow-spectrum antibiotic that attacks only one or a few specific infections; Tetracycline (Sumycin) or ampicillin: Broad-spectrum antibiotic that attacks a wide range of diseases caused by bacteria; sulfa drugs (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Septra). Some bacteria are strongly resistant to natural antibiotics, such as the gram-negative bacilli Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio. Unlike other bacteria, the double membrane that surrounds each cell makes gram (-) bacteria more resilient to antibiotics.
In case the doctor prescribes antibiotics when not really needed, the patient will face unnecessary risks. Especially for pregnant women, both mother and baby are at risk of being exposed to antibiotics.
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2. Taking antibiotics during pregnancy
2.1. Basis for the decision to treat with antibiotics
In general, the fetus is very vulnerable because they are not fully mature, organs and tissues are just beginning to develop, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. While some drugs can be completely harmless to an unborn baby, others have the potential to cause serious birth defects. Safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy depends on many different factors, including:Type of antibiotic; Time of pregnancy; Amount; Side effects; Antibiotics duration. In addition, the decision to choose to treat with any antibiotic depends on other factors, such as: the target organism to be destroyed, resistance to the drug and the risk of adverse effects on the pregnancy as well. like lactation. Rarely a drug is contraindicated in all situations. Likewise, very few drugs are absolutely safe in all cases. Your doctor will explain the decision to take antibiotics during pregnancy, as well as how to combine them with other measures to balance the risks and benefits of antibiotic treatment.
Dùng kháng sinh khi mang thai an toàn phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố khác nhau
Penicillin, which includes amoxicillin and ampicillin; Cephalosporins, including cefaclor and cephalexin; Erythromycin; Clindamycin. 2.3. Risky antibiotics for pregnancy Some other antibiotics are thought to pose a risk during pregnancy. For example, tetracycline can discolor a developing baby's teeth, so it is not recommended after 15 weeks of pregnancy.
Another example is a sulfa antibiotic, combined with an antibiotic. trimethoprim, found in Septra or Bactrim, is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections or other infections. Although Septra does not cause birth defects and is safe to give antibiotics in early pregnancy, they can cause jaundice in the newborn and are not generally used in later pregnancy.
3. Classification of antibiotics according to the risk to the fetus
Kháng sinh được phân loại dựa theo nguy cơ cho thai nhi
In 1979, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a system for classifying antibiotics as associated with the risk of negative effects on the fetus. Specifically:
Class A Data collected from pregnant women shows that Class A drugs do not pose a risk of harm to the fetus during the first trimester. In addition, there is no evidence that group A antibiotics pose a risk to the baby if antibiotics are given during pregnancy during the next 2 trimesters.
Category B Animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus with class B antibiotics, however definitively inconclusive in pregnant women. In addition, a few animal reproduction studies have shown adverse effects (except for decreased fertility), but data in women who received antibiotics during pregnancy during the first 6 months are not conclusive. evidence of risk to the fetus.
Category C Some animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus (causing abnormal birth defects or death) and no data are available in pregnant women. Therefore, a category C drug should only be prescribed if the potential therapeutic benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Class D There is evidence that class D antibiotics pose a risk to the fetus in humans, but there are some benefits to using this class of drugs. For example, antibiotics may be considered during pregnancy if the woman's life is threatened, or for a serious illness for which safer drugs cannot or are not effective.
Category X Animal studies and human data have demonstrated a risk of fetal abnormalities. Because the risks of using class X drugs in pregnant women far outweigh any potential benefits, this category of antibiotics should not be used in women who are or are suspected to be pregnant.
In general, most antibiotics have not been studied extensively in controlled human trials, so the FDA has classified antibiotics safe for pregnant women in groups A and B.
4. Note the use of antibiotics during pregnancy
Mẹ bầu cần lưu ý gì khi dùng kháng sinh?
Harmful side effects Antibiotics can cause harmful side effects. harmful, such as an upset stomach, an allergic reaction, a birth defect in the unborn baby, or even life-threatening. In addition, in the process of fighting bacteria that cause infections, antibiotics sometimes accidentally destroy some beneficial bacteria, hindering the body's ability to prevent and fight disease.
Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics can become less effective over time. The overuse of antibiotics even allows bacteria to develop tolerance and gradually become resistant to treatment. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem of worldwide concern. People's habit of using antibiotics improperly or unnecessarily over time has caused antibiotic-resistant bacteria to develop more and more, causing diseases that are increasingly difficult to treat.
In summary, in case antibiotics during pregnancy are the best way to treat the mother's health condition, doctors will prescribe antibiotics with the maximum safe dose. If you have questions or concerns about the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, you should actively discuss with your doctor to feel more secure in your treatment.
Pregnant women who have health problems and are wondering whether to take antibiotics or not, if so, what type and how much to use so as not to affect the fetus can go to the clinic for examination and advice. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Vinmec International General Hospital. Here, a team of doctors, experts with rich expertise and experience in pregnancy will examine and advise pregnant women specifically on this issue, helping mothers make the most beneficial choice for both mother and baby.
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
References: mayoclinic.org; healthline.com; webmd.com
