This is an automatically translated article.
The endocrine system affects the heart, bones and tissues developing, even the ability to bear children. It plays an important role in whether you develop diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, sexual dysfunction and a host of other hormone-related disorders.
1. Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that the body uses for a variety of functions. The endocrine system helps control many different bodily functions, including:
Respiration Metabolism Reproduction Mobility Sexuality Development Hormones are produced by the ganglion glands and transported into the bloodstream to different tissues of the body. They send signals to tissues to perform activities. When the glands do not produce enough hormones, many diseases occur that affect life.
Glands - endocrine glands - produce hormones including:
Hypothalamus . This region is responsible for body temperature, hunger, mood, and hormone release from other glands. It also controls thirst, sleep, and sex drive. Pituitary . Considered the main line of control. It controls all the glands and produces growth hormones. Parathyroid gland. This gland controls the amount of calcium in the body. Pancreas . This gland produces insulin to help control blood sugar. Thyroid . The gland produces hormones involved in burning calories and controlling heart rate. Adrenals . Produces hormones that control sex drive and cortisol - the stress hormone. Pineal gland . This gland produces melatonin - which affects sleep. Ovary . Only in women. The ovaries secrete estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone, the female sex hormone. Testicular . Only available in men. The testicles produce male sex hormones. testosterone and sperm production.
Hệ thống nội tiết của con người
2. The endocrine system affects the body
The human body undergoes many changes, possibly due in part to the endocrine system. Some of the factors that influence the endocrine system on the body include:
2.1. Aging Despite age-related changes, the endocrine system remains well functioning in most older adults. However, some changes due to cell damage during aging or medical problems that the aging body accumulates or cell changes are programmed by genetics. These changes are:
Hormone production and secretion Hormone metabolism (how quickly hormones break down and leave the body) Levels of hormones circulating in the blood Target cells or target tissue response to hormones Body regulation, such as the menstrual cycle The aging process affects virtually every gland. As we age, although the pituitary gland (in the brain) can still provide enough endocrine signals for the continuity of life, it can become smaller and less functional.
For example, growth hormone production may decrease which does not appear to be a priority in aging individuals. This is also an example of genetic programming that they have evolved into species to adapt to. Decreasing growth hormone levels in the elderly can lead to problems such as lean muscle loss, decreased heart function, and osteoporosis. Aging affects a woman's ovaries, leading to menopause (usually between the ages of 50 and 55). During menopause, the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone and are no longer a storehouse of eggs. When this happens, the menstrual cycle stops.
Hệ thống nội tiết ảnh hưởng đến quá trình lão hóa
2.2. Illness Chronic disease can affect the function of the endocrine system in many ways. After the hormones exert their effects at the target organ, they are converted into inactive molecules.
Example: The liver and kidneys are the main organs that break down hormones. The body's ability to break down hormones is reduced in people with chronic heart, liver, or kidney disease.
Abnormal hormonal function can be caused by:
Congenital or genetic defect Surgery, radiation therapy, or some cancer treatments traumatic infections Cancerous and noncancerous tumors autoimmune destruction Abnormal hormone function creates hormone imbalances caused by too much or too little hormone.
2.3. Stress Physical or emotional stress can trigger a response. This reaction is complex and can affect heart, kidney, liver, and endocrine system function. Many factors can begin with a stress response, but the physical stress factor is the most important.
In order for the body to respond and deal with physical stress, the adrenal glands must produce more cortisol. If the adrenal glands fail to respond, this can be a life-threatening problem. Several factors trigger a stress response:
Trauma Serious illness or infection Heat or cold Surgical process Allergic reactions Other types of stress include emotional, social, economic,... but These types usually do not require high levels of cortisol production to be able to survive stress.
Căng thẳng do hệ thống nội tiết
2.4. Genetics The effects of hormones on the body can be influenced by genes. A gene is a unit of genetic information passed from parent to child. Genes are contained in chromosomes. The normal number of chromosomes is 46 (23 pairs). Sometimes chromosomes can be missing or damaged leading to diseases or conditions that affect hormone production or function.
For example the 23rd pair is the sex chromosome. A mother and father each contribute one sex chromosome to their baby. Girls usually have two X chromosomes, while boys have one X and one Y chromosome. Sometimes a chromosome or chromosome segment can be missing. In Turner syndrome, there is only one normal X chromosome and this can cause poor growth and problems with the functioning of the ovaries.
Khám sức khỏe định kỳ giúp phát hiện sớm bệnh lý
Endocrine disorders need to be detected and treated early. Vinmec International General Hospital offers customers a package of basic gynecological examination and screening to help women proactively check their physiological health, screen for disease risk and have a scientific treatment plan.
Customers can directly go to Vinmec Health system nationwide to visit or contact the hotline here for support.
Articles refer to the source: webmd.com,ncbi, hormone.org
MORE:
Treatment of hormonal disorders Signs of estrogen decline - what happens when estrogen drops? Neuroendocrine tumors: Classification and symptoms
