This is an automatically translated article.
The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Doan Ngoc Quynh - Pediatrician - Pediatric Center - Vinmec Times City International Hospital.
Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae type b) is a bacterium that causes severe pneumonia, meningitis and other invasive diseases in children under 5 years of age. Hib bacteria can invade parts of the body that are normally germ-free, such as the spinal fluid that causes meningitis or the blood that causes sepsis. Invasive disease is often severe, requires hospital treatment, and can sometimes lead to death. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends, vaccines are the only tool capable of preventing the majority of serious diseases caused by Hib bacteria.
1. What is hib bacteria?
Tiêm Vắc-xin chống vi khuẩn hib ở trẻ em
Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria that causes many different types of infections, from mild ear infections to serious illnesses, like blood infections.
Doctors call these infections invasive diseases. Invasive disease occurs when bacteria invade parts of the body that are normally free of germs. For example, Haemophilus influenzae can invade the spinal fluid causing meningitis or enter the bloodstream causing bacteremia. Invasive disease is often severe, requires hospital treatment, and can be fatal.
The most common types of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae are:
Pneumonia
Blood infections
Meningitis
● Epiglottitis
Cellulitis
● Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of ear infections in children and bronchitis in adults.
There are 6 types of Haemophilus influenzae (named a through f) and other unidentifiable (nontypeable). These bacteria live in the nose and throat area of healthy people and are usually not harmful. However, this bacteria can sometimes travel to other parts of the body and cause an infection.
2. Transmission route
Because Hib bacteria normally reside in the nose or throat area, both healthy people and people with Hib disease can transmit the bacteria to others when they sneeze or cough. Hib bacteria can also be spread to people who have close contact or are in contact with someone who has an illness caused by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae.
3. Risk factors
Diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae bacteria, including Hib bacteria, usually occur mainly in infants and children under 5 years of age. Adults 65 years of age and older and people with certain medical conditions are also at increased risk:
Sickle cell disease
Spleen deficiency (asplenia)
HIV infection
● Cancer that needs treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, or a bone marrow stem cell transplant
4. Symptoms of Hib infection
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Haemophilus influenzae bacteria, including Hib bacteria, can cause many different types of infections. Symptoms depend on the part of the body that is infected.
Pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia usually include:
● Fever and chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Sweating
● Chest pain
● Headache
Muscle aches or pains body
Excessive fatigue
Bacteremia
This is an infection of the blood with the following symptoms:
Fever and chills
Excessive fatigue
Abdominal pain
Nausea or vomiting
● Diarrhea
Anxiety
Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
● Confusion
Meningitis
Meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of meningitis often have a sudden onset:
Fever
Headache
Stiff neck
Nausea or vomiting
Photophobia
● Confusion
● Baby has meningitis The brain may be irritable, vomiting, feeding poorly, or seem slow or not as active as it should be.
5. How to prevent Hib . bacteria
5.1 VaccinationAs recommended by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) to prevent Hib disease, parents should give all children from 2 months to under 2 years of age get Hib vaccine.
Older children and adults do not usually need the Hib vaccine. However, the CDC recommends the Hib vaccine for people with certain medical conditions that put them at increased risk for additional diseases caused by Hib bacteria.
Currently, Vinmec hospital is implementing a program of Hib vaccination with 3 combination vaccines, including:
● Prevention of 6 diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, hepatitis B) - the name of the vaccine is 6-in-1 vaccine Infanrix Hexa of GSK (Belgium)
● Prevents 6 diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, hepatitis B) - the name of the vaccine is vaccine -Hexaxim 6-in-1 vaccine of Sanofi (France)
● Prevention of 5 diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib) - the name of the vaccine is the 5-in-1 Pentaxim vaccine of Sanofi (France)
5.2 Preventive antibiotics Haemophilus influenzae can be spread to people who have close or prolonged contact with someone who is sick with the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae. Under certain circumstances, people who are in close contact with someone with Haemophilus influenzae should take antibiotics to prevent illness.
Currently, Vinmec hospital is implementing a Hib vaccination program with 3 combination vaccines produced in Belgium and France. Benefits customers receive when choosing to get vaccinated at Vinmec include:
Children will be examined by pediatricians - vaccines, fully screened for physical and health problems, and consulted. about vaccines and injection regimens, how to monitor and care for children after vaccination before giving the indications for vaccination according to the latest recommendations of the Ministry of Health & World Health Organization to ensure the effectiveness the best and safest results for children. A team of experienced and professional pediatric doctors and nurses, understand children's psychology and apply effective pain relief methods for children during the vaccination process. 100% of vaccinated children were monitored for 30 minutes after vaccination and reassessed before leaving. Underwent general supervision before, during and after vaccination at Vinmec Health System and always have an emergency team ready to coordinate with the vaccination department to handle cases of anaphylaxis, respiratory failure - circulatory arrest, ensuring Ensure timely and correct handling when incidents occur. The vaccination room is airy, with a play area, helping children feel comfortable as if they are walking and have a good mentality before and after vaccination. Vaccines are imported and stored in a modern cold storage system, with a cold chain that meets GSP standards, keeping vaccines in the best conditions to ensure quality. Parents will receive a reminder message before the vaccination date and their child's vaccination information will be synchronized with the National Immunization Information System. Vinmec International General Hospital is currently providing a Package Immunization Program with a variety of vaccines for different audiences, from infants, young children, adults, and women before and during pregnancy pregnant. Particularly in December 2019, Vinmec will give you free newborn Hepatitis B Vaccine (immunization immediately after birth) when you sign up for a Package Immunization Package for children aged 0-1 or 0-2 years old. .
Doctor Doan Ngoc Quynh has 7 years of experience working in the field of Pediatrics. Currently, the doctor is working at the vaccine unit clinic of the Pediatric Center of Vinmec Times City International Hospital
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
Articles source references: cdc.gov, who.int
