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If you have regular sex without getting pregnant within 12 months (under 35 years old) and 6 months (over 35 years old) then you should get tested to find the cause of female infertility.
1. Examining and asking about female infertility
Infertility causes can come from men or women or both, so in order for the examination to go well and the doctor can determine the cause of female infertility, a woman should go with her partner or husband The doctor will ask questions related to your health and lifestyle, such as:
Medical history, surgical conditions Current medications Smoking, drinking alcohol, eating or drinking caffeinated beverages or using stimulants Exposure to chemicals, toxins, or radiation at home or work Your doctor will also want to know about your sex life, such as:
How often do you have sex Money using birth control pills Sexually transmitted diseases Any problems with sex Having an affair
Người bệnh cần thông báo đến bác sĩ về tiền sử dùng thuốc tránh thai khi thực hiện xét nghiệm khả năng sinh sản
Questions related to the menstrual cycle, such as:
Have you been pregnant before? Has your period been regular in the past year? Irregular and disappearing periods or spotting between periods? Do you have any changes in blood flow or the appearance of large blood clots? Family Planning Methods You Have Used Have you ever seen a doctor about female infertility and received treatment?
2. Fertility test for women
In fact, there is still no best test to diagnose the cause of infertility. Therefore, doctors will have to use many different ways to determine the cause of female fertility problems.
First, you may be offered a Pap smear to detect cervical cancer, other problems with the cervix, or sexually transmitted diseases. Any of these conditions can interfere with pregnancy.
To get pregnant, you need to release one egg every month - called "ovulation". You may need tests to check for this problem. Your doctor may ask you to do a home urine test for luteinizing hormone, or LH. This hormone is usually present in high concentrations just before you ovulate.
Phụ nữ được chỉ định xét nghiệm PAP smear
Your doctor may also check the level of the hormone progesterone in your blood. An increase in progesterone indicates that you are ovulating.
You can check your body temperature every morning. Basal body temperature usually rises slightly shortly after ovulation. By checking your temperature every morning, you will understand your ovulation pattern within a few months.
Your doctor may also run tests on your thyroid or check for other hormone problems to rule out possible missed periods or irregular periods.
3. Reproductive organ tests
Before you can get pregnant, your uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries all need to work. Your doctor may order some of the following imaging or testing techniques:
Contrast hysterosalpingogram (hysterosalpingogram and HSG for short): This technique uses a variety of tests. X-rays to take pictures of the fallopian tubes and uterus after the doctor injects contrast material through the vagina. Another method uses saline and air instead of dye and ultrasound. An HSG can help your doctor check if your fallopian tubes are blocked or if you have any defects in your uterus. This diagnostic technique is usually performed immediately after the menstrual period. Transvaginal ultrasound: A doctor inserts a probe into the vagina and brings it close to the pelvic organs. This technique uses sound waves so the doctor will be able to see pictures of the ovaries and uterus to easily detect problems in these organs.
Đầu dò siêu âm được sử dụng trong phương pháp siêu âm qua âm đạo
Hysteroscopy: The doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end, which is slowly passed through the cervix and into the uterus. This technique allows the doctor to see inside the uterus and, if necessary, to take uterine tissue for testing. Laparoscopy: The doctor makes a small cut in the abdomen and inserts special tools inside, including a camera. This technique can examine the entire pelvis and potentially correct some problems, such as endometriosis.
4. Other Infertility Tests
Your doctor may order other tests to check for fertility problems.
Test female hormone levels with a blood test to check levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which activates the ovaries to prepare an egg for release each month. High FSH levels can mean low fertility. FSH blood levels are checked early in the menstrual cycle (usually on day 3). The clomiphene citrate challenge (Clomiphene citrate challenge) test may be done along with the FSH test. You take one clomiphene citrate tablet on the fifth to ninth day of your menstrual cycle. FSH is checked on day 3 (before you take the medicine) and on day 10 after. High FSH levels mean you have a lower chance of getting pregnant.
Your doctor may also order a blood test to check for anti-müllerian hormone (AMH). The AMH level shows how many eggs a woman has, this is known as ovarian reserve. The higher the level, the higher the chance of pregnancy. Postcoital testing. Your doctor checks your cervical mucus after you have sex. Endometrial biopsy You may not need to have all of these tests. Depending on the specific condition, the doctor will determine which type of test and diagnostic technique is most appropriate. After the test is done, about 85% of couples will find out why they are having trouble getting pregnant.
Khám hiếm muộn giúp các cặp vợ chồng tìm được nguyên nhân gây tình trạng muộn con
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Reference source: webmd.comRecommended video:
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