Developmental milestones that young children should achieve

This is an automatically translated article.

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Phan Ngoc Hai - Department of Pediatrics - Neonatology - Vinmec Danang International General Hospital.
Child development milestones are important criteria for assessing cognitive, language, physical, social, and emotional development in children. Parents need to keep a close eye on their baby's development so that they don't miss any milestones.

1. Development of 2 months baby

Social and emotional: Begins to smile at people; Remain calm for a short time (sometimes babies put their hands to their mouths and suck their thumbs); Try to see your parents. Language/Communication: Baby can make gurgling sounds; Turn your head towards the sound. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving):
Faces show attention; Begins to follow things with his eyes and be able to recognize people far away; Can get bored (grimaces, fussiness) if things don't change. Physical development: Being able to hold his head up and do push-ups when lying on his stomach; The baby's gait appears to be smoother with the coordination of the arms and legs.

2. 4 months is an important development milestone for children

Social and emotional: Babies can smile naturally, especially when smiling at people; Likes to play with people and can cry when not being played; Imitate some other people's actions and facial expressions, like smiling or frowning. Language/Communication: Begins babbling with sounds and sounds your baby hears; Cry in different ways to show that you are hungry, in pain, or tired.

Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving): Can let parents know when the mood is happy or sad; Showing responsiveness to others; Reaching for the toy with one hand; hand-eye coordination, such as seeing toys and reaching for them; Follow the movement of someone or something with eyes that look from side to side; Move your face closer to see better; Recognize familiar people or things from a distance. Physical development: Can hold the head on its own; Push down when your foot touches a hard surface; Can turn upside down; Holding and shaking a toy, turning it back and forth; Bring your hand to your mouth; When lying on the stomach, a 4-month-old baby can support himself with his elbows.

3. The change when the baby is 6 months old

Social and emotional: Recognizes familiar faces and begins to know who is a stranger; Likes to play with others, especially parents; Respond to the emotional expression of others and appear happy; I like looking at myself in the mirror. Language/Communication: Responds to sounds by making sounds; Can babble vowels out loud (“ah”, “eh”, “oh”) and enjoys fighting with parents to make noises; Responsive when called by first name; Know how to express joy and displeasure by sound; Begins to make consonants out loud (usually “m”, “b”). Perception (learning, thinking, problem solving): Seeing things around and paying more attention to nearby objects; Bringing objects to mouth; Show curiosity about everything and try to reach out for things that are out of your child's reach; Begins to pass objects from one hand to the other. Physical development: Can roll from front to back and back to front; Begins to sit without support; When standing, baby can use legs to support body weight and is able to bounce; When crawling, babies know how to kick back and forth with their feet, sometimes crawling back before quickly moving forward.

4. 9-month baby development

Social and emotional: Feeling afraid of strangers; Often clings to parents, adults familiar with the child; Have a favorite toy. Language/Communication: Understanding negative sentences; Make different sounds to call your parents, like “mama” and “baba”; Imitate other people's voices and gestures; You can use your finger to point at something. Perception (learning, thinking, problem solving): Knowing something is falling and tracking; Know how to look for things that parents deliberately hide from their children; Can play a simple game of hide and seek; Put objects in the mouth; Move objects more smoothly from one hand to the other; Able to grasp with thumb and index finger. Physical development: Stand and maintain posture; Able to sit in sitting positions (chairs, strollers); Sit firmly without support; Pull back to get up; Can crawl skillfully.

5. Changes when the child is 1 year old

Social and emotional: Shy and nervous when meeting strangers; Cry when mom or dad leaves; Show interest in certain people or objects; Show fear in certain situations; Give you a book when your baby wants to hear a story; Repeating sounds or actions to get attention; Extend an arm or a leg for a parent to help get dressed; Play games like hide and seek or clapping. Language/Communication: Making simple sounds in response to others; Use simple gestures, like shaking your head or waving goodbye; Make some sounds with a change in tone (sounds close to speech); Say “mama” and “baba” more fluently and exclamations like “uh” “oh”; Try to imitate what people around you are saying. Perception (learning, thinking, problem solving): Explore things in different ways, like shaking, banging, throwing; Easily find hidden objects; Look at pictures or objects as they are named; Imitate the gestures of others; Start using things more precisely, for example: drink from a glass of water, brush your hair with a brush; Smash two objects together; Know how to put things in the container and take it out of the box; Poke, point with index finger; Can recognize some simple commands, like “Pick up the toy”. Physical development: Getting to a sitting position without help from others; Use your hands to hold onto things to walk and get up; Can walk a few steps on his own; Can stand alone.

6. What can an 18-month-old baby do?

Social and emotional: Likes to give toys to others when they want to play with them; May express anger; Feeling afraid of strangers; Show affection to familiar people; Play simple simulation games, such as feeding dolls; Can cling to parents or caregivers when situations the child has not encountered; Use your hand to show others something interesting; Discover everything when you are near your parents. Language/Communication: Speaks a few single words; You can talk while shaking your head; Use your hands only when you want to do or get something. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving): Knowing what simple objects are for, eg phones, brushes, spoons; Using your hands just to get other people's attention; Show interest in a doll or stuffed animal by pretending to feed them; Point to a body part and show curiosity; Bad hand-writing; Able to follow simple commands without any other gestures, for example can sit when you give the command "sit down". Physical development: Takes more steps on your own, can even run; Pick up toys on the go; Can undress himself; Drink with a glass of water; Eat with a spoon.

7. Development of 2-year-olds

Social and emotional: Imitating others, especially adults and older children; Feeling happy and excited about being with other children; Show more independence; Sometimes challenging behavior (doing things that parents won't let); Spend time playing mostly with other children, but start playing in a group, such as a game of catch. Language/Communication: Point to the correct objects or images when they are named; Know the names of familiar people and body parts; Speaks in simple sentences of 2 to 4 words; Follow these simple instructions; Repeating words heard in a conversation; Point to things that appear in the book. Perception (learning, thinking, problem solving): Finding things that are well hidden behind 2 to 3 layers; Begins to perceive, select, sort by shape and color; Complete familiar sentences and rhymes in the book; Know how to simulate some simple objects and assume them; Stack 4 blocks or more into a tall tower; Start using one hand more than the other; Make two-step requests, for example, “Pick up your shoes and put them in the closet”; Name things that appear in books or pictures, such as cats, birds, or dogs. Physical development: Know how to tiptoe; Know how to play football; Run more fluently; Climb up and down furniture without help; Know handrails to go up and down stairs; Capable of throwing the ball; Draw or imitate drawing lines and circles.

8. Changes when children reach 3 years old

Social and emotional: Imitating adults and peers; Show affection to friends around without being reminded; Can play turn-based games; Express anxiety when you are crying; Understand possessive meanings, for example “mine” “yours” “that person”; Express a wide range of emotions clearly; Easily separated from parents; May be uncomfortable with major changes in routine; Able to undress and dress himself. Language/Communication: Follow 2- or 3-step instructions; Name the most familiar things; Understand location words, such as “in”, “above”, “below”; Know his name, age and gender; Can name a friend; Say simple nouns, like “you,” “me,” “we,” “you,” and plural words, like “cats,” “dogs”; Able to speak well enough that even strangers can understand most of the conversation; Chat using 2 to 3 sentences. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving): Can manipulate buttons, levers, and moving parts on toys; Play simulation with dolls, animals and people; Play a 3 or 4 piece jigsaw; Understand the meaning of the number 2; Draw a circle with a pencil or crayon; Turn each page in turn; Use 6 blocks to form a tower; Know how to turn to open and remove the water tank cap or turn the doorknob. Physical development: Better climbing ability; Running easier; Know how to ride a tricycle; Know how to go up and down stairs, one step at a time.

9. What can a 4-year-old baby do?

Social and emotional: Likes to do new things; Play the game of pretending to be “father” or “mother”; Get more and more creative with simulation games; Wants to play with other children rather than alone; Have cooperation with other children; Sometimes confuse the real thing with the simulated object; Talk about what your baby likes and cares about.

Language/Communication: Know some basic rules of grammar, such as using the words "he" and "she" correctly; Sing a song or read a reminiscent poem; Tell stories to others; Can say full first and last name. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving): Name some colors and numbers; Begin to count; Begin to understand time; Remember different parts of a story; Understand the meaning of “same” and “different”; Draw a human figure with 2 to 4 body parts; Know how to use scissors; Begin to write some capital letters; Know how to play cards and more interactive games; Think and present to you what happens next in a book. Physical development: Jump and stand on one leg for up to 2 seconds; Catch the bouncing ball; Know how to pour water, cut and grind food.

10. Development of a 5-year-old child

Social and emotional: Wants to please friends; Want to be like friends; Tends to follow the rules; Likes to sing, dance and act; Beginning of gender awareness; Distinguish between real and simulated objects; Shows greater independence (for example, being able to visit a next-door neighbor on her own, but still requires adult supervision); Sometimes very demanding and sometimes very cooperative. Language/Communication: Speak more clearly; Tell a simple story using full sentences; Use the future tense, for example “grandma will be here”; Indicate name and address. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem solving): Knows how to count from 10 or more; Can draw a person with at least 6 body parts; Can write some letters or numbers; Be able to imitate drawing a triangle or other geometric shapes; Know about things that are used every day, like money and food. Physical development: Stand on one leg for 10 seconds or so; Know how to hopscotch; Can do a somersault; Using a combination of fork and spoon, sometimes even a knife on the table; You can go to the bathroom on your own. Know how to play swing and climb skillfully. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be screened and assessed for developmental milestones using standardized tools at 9, 18, and 24 or 30 months of age. and at 18 and 24 months of age for children with autism or whenever parents feel concerned about their child's development.
To help children achieve important developmental milestones, in addition to nutrition, parents should supplement their children with supporting products containing lysine, essential micro-minerals and vitamins such as zinc, chromium, selenium, B vitamins help meet the nutritional needs of children. At the same time, these essential vitamins also support digestion, enhance nutrient absorption, help improve anorexia, help children eat well, and develop comprehensively.
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Reference source: cdc.gov