This is an automatically translated article.
Dengue fever is a common infectious disease in the world and usually occurs all year round, peaking in rainy months. However, people in the community still have many questions about dengue fever, focusing on questions such as whether dengue is dangerous or why dengue fever is good and then dies. Today's article provides general information to help improve knowledge about dengue.1.Dengue Fever Overview Dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever is a mosquito-borne disease common in tropical and subtropical territories. Mild dengue is clinically manifested by symptoms of high fever, erythema, and muscle and joint pain. As the disease progresses to severe dengue, patients often face severe bleeding, hypotension, shock, and death.
Mosquitoes are vectors of disease when they contract the dengue virus after biting an infected person and then biting a healthy person. In rare cases, an infected person can contract the virus through contact with the blood of an infected person. With this transmission mechanism, dengue fever spreads easily and becomes an epidemic if the intermediate host is not well controlled.
2. Causes of dengue fever
The causative agent of dengue fever is the dengue virus with 4 different types, including DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Dengue hemorrhagic fever occurs when a mosquito carrying the virus bites or comes into contact with the blood of an infected person. Mosquitoes are the vectors of disease, playing a major role in most cases of dengue fever.
Muỗi vằn mang virus dengue gây bệnh sốt xuất huyết ở người
When infected with one of the four dengue viruses, the body's immune system responds by producing antibodies against the virus for the rest of its life. However, these antibodies are only specific for a specific virus and are not able to protect the body from other dengue viruses. This means that a person can get dengue up to four times in a lifetime, whether the subject is an elderly person or a child. Therefore, the idea that each person only gets dengue fever once in a lifetime is not correct.
People with the following characteristics are at higher risk for dengue than the general population:
Live in or travel to Southeast Asia, South America, the Caribbean Infants and young children Women pregnancy: dengue virus can be passed from mother to baby Older adults History of diseases that weaken the immune system
3. Dengue fever is dangerous?
Dengue fever can appear in people of all ages. People with mild dengue fever manifest with symptoms such as:
High fever: the recorded temperature is usually above 39 degrees Celsius, high fever continuously lasts from 2 to 7 days, fever can be reduced from day one. 3 or 4. Severe headache, aching sensation in both eyes Red rash on the skin Loss of appetite, nausea Small petechiae on the skin. Mild dengue usually occurs in adults with low mortality. However, a person with mild dengue is fully capable of developing severe dengue. This form of the disease has a higher mortality rate due to shock and multi-organ failure, often occurring in children. In addition to the above-mentioned systemic symptoms, people with severe dengue fever also have to face the following symptoms:
Bleeding in many places such as skin, mucous membranes and organs: manifested by many spots. blood on the skin, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, vomiting fresh blood, black and foul-smelling stools. Nausea and vomiting many times, usually more than 4 times within 2 hours Whole body fatigue, lethargy Abdominal pain in liver area
Người bị sốt xuất huyết mức độ nặng có thể gặp tình trạng chảy máu chân răng
People with severe dengue need to be hospitalized for monitoring because of the high mortality rate if complications of massive bleeding, hypovolemic shock, and multi-organ failure occur. It is worth noting that these complications usually appear on the 3rd to 6th day of the illness, when the patient no longer has a high fever like the first days. This stage is often referred to as the critical phase of the disease. Many cases are subjective because of the view that fever is gone, leading to death. In the dangerous phase, the extravasation process that brings fluid from the vessel lumen to the intercellular space takes place actively, causing the body to fall into a state of hypovolemia. Shock in severe dengue occurs due to dehydration in the intercellular space and is easy to deteriorate within a few hours, causing death if not detected and treated promptly. This is also an explanation for the question of why dengue fever is healthy and then dies. In addition, the cause of death in severe cases of dengue is also related to multi-organ failure with manifestations of hepatitis, acute pulmonary edema, myocarditis, and encephalitis.
4. Treatment methods for dengue fever
Although the cause and mechanism of the disease have been identified, currently, medical science has not found a specific treatment for this disease as well as a vaccine to prevent it. The main goals of treatment are to control symptoms and prevent disease progression. If the patient is hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe dengue fever, the doctor can conduct treatment with the following methods:
Establish an intravenous line to replenish fluids Prescribe some antipyretic analgesics Correction of electrolyte imbalances Blood transfusion in case of massive bleeding Closely monitoring vital signs, including blood pressure Use of oxygen therapy All of the above interventions are aimed at controlling and relieve symptoms, support the body to heal itself. Doctors always need to closely monitor patients to detect signs of seriousness because the disease progression is quite fast and the mortality rate due to severe dengue is quite high.
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