Clinical features of 4 grades of hand, foot and mouth disease

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted with Specialist Doctor II Cao Thi Thanh - Pediatrician - Pediatrics - Neonatology - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.
The causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease are Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie virus A16, which undergo clinical features of 4 grades. The disease can cause many dangerous complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis if not treated promptly.

1. Hand, foot and mouth disease grade 1

Children with grade 1 HFMD usually end up with mouth ulcers and/or skin lesions.
Of the 4 levels of hand, foot and mouth disease, hand, foot and mouth disease level 1 is a mild stage of the disease, and children can be treated as outpatients and monitored at local health facilities. In addition, when taking care of children with grade 1 hand, foot and mouth disease, parents should note:
Provide adequate nutrition according to the age of the child, if the child is still nursing, continue to breastfeed. Reduce fever for the child with Paracetamol 10 mg/kg/time, every 6 hours for oral hygiene Clean oral hygiene for children Need to give children complete rest Re-examination every 1-2 days, continuously for the first 8-10 days of hand, foot and mouth disease . Or children with fever must be examined every day continuously until the fever is gone for at least 48 hours.

2. Hand foot mouth degree 2a

Hand, foot and mouth disease grade 2a will give rise to some typical signs such as:
History of startles less than 2 times/30 minutes and not recorded at examination Fever for more than 2 days, or fever above 39oC, vomiting, trouble sleeping , lethargy, crying for no reason In case of hand, foot and mouth disease in grade 2a, the child needs to be hospitalized for monitoring to avoid dangerous complications of hand, foot and mouth disease and take medicine according to the doctor's instructions. doctor.
When the disease progressed to grade 2b, the patient had the following symptoms:
History of seizures ≥ 2 times / 30 minutes Startled at examination History of startle accompanied by one of the following signs:
Sleepiness Rapid pulse > 150 beats/min (when the child is lying still, no fever) High fever ≥ 39°C and unresponsive to antipyretics Ataxia: Tremor, tremor, unsteady standing, unsteady gait nystagmus, strabismus, limb weakness or paralysis. Cranial nerve paralysis: Swallowing, voice changes...

3. Hand, foot and mouth disease grade 3

Grade 3 hand, foot and mouth disease in children is characterized by the following signs:
Sweating, generalized cold or localized rapid pulse > 170 beats/min (when the child is lying still, no fever) Increased blood pressure Some cases have bradycardia (very severe sign) Rapid, abnormal breathing: Apnea, chest indrawing, wheezing, abdominal breathing, shallow breathing, laryngeal stridor Consciousness disorder (Glasgow < 10 points) Hypertonia Pediatric patients with grade 3 hand, foot and mouth disease are required to be hospitalized for intensive resuscitation. Doctors will monitor pulse, breathing, blood pressure, ... to give appropriate treatment options such as medication, oxygen,...

4. Hand, foot and mouth disease grade 4

Hand, foot and mouth disease grade 4 in children is a very severe stage, children will have signs such as:
Shock Acute pulmonary edema Cyanosis, SpO2 < 92% Apnea, hiccups Grade 4 hand, foot and mouth disease is a special stage dangerous, prone to complications if not treated promptly.
When detecting that a child has hand, foot and mouth disease, it is necessary to take the child to a medical facility for examination and treatment. In addition, children need to be isolated at home, not allowed to go to schools or kindergartens for 10-14 days after detecting the disease to avoid infecting other children.
As a key area of ​​Vinmec Health system, Pediatrics Department always brings satisfaction to customers and is highly appreciated by industry experts with:
Gathering a team of top doctors and nurses in Pediatrics : consists of leading experts with high professional qualifications (professors, associate professors, doctorates, masters), experienced, worked at major hospitals such as Bach Mai, 108.. Doctors All doctors are well-trained, professional, conscientious, knowledgeable about young psychology. In addition to domestic pediatric specialists, the Department of Pediatrics also has the participation of foreign experts (Japan, Singapore, Australia, USA) who are always pioneers in applying the latest and most effective treatment regimens. . Comprehensive services: In the field of Pediatrics, Vinmec provides a series of continuous medical examination and treatment services from Newborn to Pediatric and Vaccine,... according to international standards to help parents take care of their baby's health from birth to childhood. from birth to adulthood Specialized techniques: Vinmec has successfully deployed many specialized techniques to make the treatment of difficult diseases in Pediatrics more effective: neurosurgery - skull surgery, stem cell transplantation. blood in cancer treatment. Professional care: In addition to understanding children's psychology, Vinmec also pays special attention to the children's play space, helping them to have fun and get used to the hospital's environment, cooperate in treatment, improve the efficiency of medical treatment.
If you have unusual symptoms, you should be examined and consulted with a specialist.

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