This is an automatically translated article.
Chickenpox is transmitted through the respiratory tract, the object at highest risk of infection is children. However, non-immune adults are also susceptible to the disease, especially chickenpox during pregnancy will be extremely dangerous.
1. What is chickenpox?
Chickenpox, also known as chickenpox, is a disease that is spread through inhalation or direct contact with the Varicella zoster virus (VZV for short), a common disease in children and has a long incubation period. about 2 weeks.Trắc nghiệm: Bạn có hiểu đúng về dấu hiệu mang thai sớm?
Các dấu hiệu mang thai sớm không phải chỉ mỗi trễ kinh mà còn có rất nhiều dấu hiệu khác như xuất huyết âm đạo, ngực căng tức,… Điểm xem bạn biết được bao nhiêu dấu hiệu mang thai sớm thông qua bài trắc nghiệm này nhé!
2. Frequency of chickenpox in pregnancy
According to epidemiological studies in the UK and the US, the frequency of chickenpox during pregnancy is about 3/1,000. In the United States each year, at least 3 million women become pregnant, so there are about 9,000 cases of pregnant women with chickenpox each year.
According to many different studies, the frequency of primary chickenpox (first time infection) during pregnancy is about 5/10,000 - 7/10,000, because most pregnant women have had chickenpox as a child or have been infected with chickenpox. previously vaccinated.
Women who have had chickenpox in the past or have been vaccinated against the disease are immune to the disease, already having antibodies against the disease. Therefore, during pregnancy, pregnant women already have antibodies to fight chickenpox without having to worry about complications of the disease for the health of the mother as well as the fetus.
The mortality rate in pregnant women with chickenpox is the highest among adults with chickenpox.
3. Dangerous consequences can be encountered if you get chickenpox during pregnancy
Pregnant women who are unfortunately infected with chickenpox will face a 10-20% risk of pneumonia caused by varicella virus, among those with pneumonia caused by this virus, the risk of death is up to 40%.For pregnant women with primary chickenpox during pregnancy, the effects of the disease on the fetus will depend on the gestational age:
During the first 3 months, especially from 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy During pregnancy, the baby's risk of congenital varicella syndrome is 0.4%. The most common manifestation of this syndrome is blisters that scar the skin. Other possible abnormalities are retinopathy, cataracts, microcephaly, low birth weight, short limbs, mental retardation, gastroesophageal reflux, intestinal stenosis/obstruction. .. Among children with congenital chickenpox syndrome, 30% of children will die in the first months of life, 15% of children are at risk of shingles in the first 4 years of life.
Trào ngược dạ dày - thực quản là một trong những bất thường xảy ra khi bà bầu mắc thuỷ đậu
During the second trimester, especially between 13 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, the risk of the fetus having congenital chickenpox syndrome increases to 2%. From the 20th week of pregnancy, chickenpox has almost no effect on the fetus. However, if the mother is infected with chickenpox within 5 days before giving birth and 2 days after giving birth, the newborn baby will be susceptible to disseminated chickenpox because the mother has not had enough time to create antibodies to pass on to the fetus before birth. The infant mortality rate at this time is up to 25 - 30% of infected cases.
4. How to treat pregnant women with chickenpox?
Pregnant women who have chickenpox need to rest, drink lots of water, eat liquid food, easy to digest food. If pregnant women have a fever, they can use paracetamol to reduce fever. It is necessary to keep the body clean, avoid breaking the blisters because there is a risk of superinfection with the virus.
For pregnant women with severe progression of chickenpox, at risk of pneumonia, intravenous acyclovir is indicated to reduce the risk to both mother and fetus. Acyclovir has the role of inhibiting the growth of the virus, thereby inhibiting the development of the disease.
5. What vaccine should pregnant women exposed to chickenpox get?
It can be seen that pregnant women are at high risk of complications from chickenpox, so they should use Varicella - zoster immune globulin (VZIG for short) - a vaccine used to immunize against the virus. Chickenpox - for pregnant women who have been exposed to the disease but have never had chickenpox or have not been vaccinated before, however, it is advisable to consult a doctor before getting vaccinated.Vaccination of VZIG at this time does not prevent fetal infection, congenital varicella syndrome as well as neonatal varicella. VZIG injection for pregnant women only prevents serious complications in the mother, but does not help the fetus or newborn. To prevent complications for children, parents should use VZIG for their baby after birth according to the correct vaccination regimen.
6. It's best to get vaccinated against chickenpox before getting pregnant
The chickenpox vaccine is most effective when given to children 12 months of age and older and to adults who have never had the disease.
For children 12 months to 12 years old: Get 2 shots of chickenpox vaccine, at least 3 months apart. Particularly for children under 4 years old, the recommended schedule for chickenpox vaccination is: 1st dose at 12 months old and 2nd dose at 4-6 years old. For children 13 years and older and adults: 2 injections, in which the 2nd dose will be 4-8 weeks apart from the 1st. Women planning to become pregnant should complete the chickenpox vaccination schedule at least 3 months before becoming pregnant.
Tiêm phòng thủy đậu trước khi mang thai là biện pháp phòng bệnh hiệu quả nhất
Vinmec International General Hospital has been deploying immunization services with a variety of vaccines for different audiences, from infants, young children, adults, and women before and during pregnancy pregnant. Including the chickenpox vaccine. The advantages of vaccination at Vinmec include:
Customers are fully examined and screened for health problems, advice on vaccines and injection regimens, follow-up and post-injection care. Latest recommendations of the Ministry of Health & World Health Organization, to ensure the best effectiveness and safety. A team of experienced, professional, psychological doctors and nurses, apply effective pain relief during the vaccination process. 100% of customers were monitored for 30 minutes after the injection and reassessed their health before leaving. Under medical supervision before, during and after vaccination at Vinmec Health System, there is always an emergency team ready to coordinate in handling cases of anaphylaxis, respiratory failure - circulatory arrest, ensuring timely handling. time, the right regimen when something goes wrong. The vaccination room is airy, with a play area, creating a comfortable feeling like walking and preparing well before and after vaccination. Vaccines are imported and preserved in a modern cold storage system, cold storage lines meeting GSP standards, keeping vaccines in the best conditions, ensuring quality. It can be seen that vaccination is the most effective measure to protect mother and baby against dangerous complications of chickenpox caused during pregnancy.
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
