This is an automatically translated article.
The article was written by Pharmacist Duong Thu Huong - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.High cholesterol is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. As recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American National Lipid Association (NLA), adults over the age of 20 should be screened and checked for blood lipids every 5 years, and need to repeat regularly. more in the case of abnormal indicators or when the doctor perceives a change in cardiovascular risk.
1. Total cholesterol
Recommended threshold for adults over 20 years: <5.17 mmol/L.Total cholesterol includes total HDL, LDL and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein - not in the blood lipid set, usually accounting for 1/5 TC). Although commonly included in standard lipid profiles, TC is no longer used extensively in patient orientation. Instead, LDL is often the index used to assess a patient's cardiovascular risk.
>>> Learn about total cholesterol test
Cholesterol toàn phần bao gồm tổng HDL, LDL và VLDL
2. Triglycerides
Normal threshold for adults over 20 years old: <1.7 mmol/L, near-high threshold: 1.7-2.25 mmol/L, high threshold: 2.26-5.64 mmol/L, very high threshold: >5.65 mmol/LHypertriglyceridemia no These are cardiovascular risk factors but also an increased risk factor for acute pancreatitis, cutaneous xanthomas, especially at very high thresholds. Certain medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, liver disease, alcoholism, and certain medications such as birth control pills, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, HIV medications, etc. may increase TG. In the case of high triglycerides, the doctor may consider prophylactic treatment of acute pancreatitis even though the patient is clinically normal.
>>> Triglyceride blood fat index and dangerous complications to note
3. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Normal threshold for adults over 20 years: <2.58 mmol/L, near-high: 3.36-4.11 mmol/L, high threshold: 4.14-4.89 mmol/L, very high threshold: 4.91 mmol/LLDL is commonly referred to as is "bad cholesterol". This is the main indicator to assess the patient's cardiovascular risk. Depending on the LDL index, comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, doctors will have different lipid treatment strategies to prevent and minimize the patient's cardiovascular risk.
LDL là chỉ số chính để đánh giá nguy cơ tim mạch của bệnh nhân
4. HDL
Recommended threshold for adults over 20 years old: women < 1.29 mmol/L, men: < 1.03 mmol/LHDL is often referred to as “good cholesterol”. HDL has anti-atherosclerotic properties, so the higher the HDL concentration, the better the cardioprotective effect. HDL is often reduced in smokers and obese patients and increased in physically active individuals.
Blood lipids are usually measured at fasting (9-12 hours postprandial) because TG can be affected by meals. Several factors can affect the lipid profile including vigorous physical activity (within 24 hours), pregnancy, weight loss, acute fever. If possible, wait a few weeks to check for lipids in these cases.
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, a system of modern equipment and technology. The hospital provides comprehensive, professional medical examination, consultation and treatment services, with a civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space. Customers when choosing to perform tests here can be completely assured of the accuracy of test results.
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The article references the source: AHA/ACC 2018, NLA, PSAP 2019, ASHP
