This is an automatically translated article.
The kidney is a bean-shaped organ that performs many important functions. It is in charge of filtering the blood, removing waste through the urine, producing hormones, balancing minerals, and maintaining fluid balance. There are many risk factors for kidney disease. Among them, the most common are uncontrolled diabetes and high blood pressure. Alcoholism, heart disease, hepatitis C virus, and HIV infection are also causes of your kidneys being affected.1. Diet and kidney disease
When the kidneys are damaged and cannot function properly, fluid can build up in the body and waste can build up in the blood. However, avoiding or limiting certain foods in your diet can help reduce the buildup of waste products in the blood, improve kidney function, and prevent further damage. Dietary restrictions vary depending on the stage of kidney disease.
For example, people who are in the early stages of chronic kidney disease will have different dietary restrictions than people with end-stage renal disease, or kidney failure.
People with end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis will also have different dietary restrictions. Dialysis is a treatment that removes excess water and filters waste.
The majority of people with end-stage kidney disease will need to follow a kidney-friendly diet to avoid the build-up of certain chemicals or nutrients in the blood.
In people with chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to remove excess sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. As a result, they are at higher risk for blood levels of these minerals.
A good kidney diet usually includes limiting sodium and potassium to 2,000 mg per day and restricting phosphorus to 1,000 mg per day.
People with kidney disease may also have difficulty filtering the waste products of protein metabolism. Therefore, people with CKD stages 1–4 may need to limit the amount of protein in their diets.
However, people with end-stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis have an increased need for protein.
Người có bệnh lý thận cần tránh sử dụng một số loại thực phẩm trong cuộc sống thường ngày
2. 17 foods you should probably avoid in your diet when you have kidney disease.
Dark drinks
In addition to the calories and sugar that soft drinks provide, they also contain additives containing phosphorus, especially dark colors.
Many food manufacturers add phosphorus during the processing of food and beverage items to enhance flavor, extend shelf life, and prevent discoloration. This added phosphorus is much more readily absorbed by the body than naturally occurring, animal or plant phosphorus.
Unlike natural phosphorus, phosphorus in additive form is not bound to a certain amount of protein. Instead, it is found in the salt form and is highly absorbed from the intestinal tract.
Phosphorus additives can often be found in the ingredients list of the product. However, food manufacturers are not required to list the exact amount of the additive phosphorus on food labels.
Although the dependent phosphorus content varies depending on the beverage, most dark colas are said to contain 50-100 mg in a 200 ml serving.
To follow a good kidney diet, you should avoid drinking dark colored drinks.
Avocado
Avocado is commonly known as a fruit packed with nutritious nutrients, including heart-healthy fats, fiber and antioxidants.
Avocado is an indispensable ingredient in a healthy diet, however, people with kidney disease should avoid using avocado.
Người bệnh thận nên hạn chế ăn quả bơ
Canned foods
Canned foods, such as soups, vegetables and beans, are often purchased for their low cost and convenience.
However, most canned foods contain high amounts of sodium, as salt is added as a preservative to increase the shelf life of the product.
Due to the amount of sodium found in canned products, people with kidney disease avoid or limit their consumption.
Choose products that are lower in sodium or those labeled “no added salt” are usually best.
Also, if you must, washing or soaking in water before preparing canned foods, such as canned beans and tuna, can reduce sodium content by 33-80%, depending on the product.
Whole wheat bread
Whole grain bread may be a more nutritious choice, mainly due to its higher fiber content. However, white bread is often chosen for people with kidney disease. This is due to the phosphorus and potassium content of white bread. The more bran and whole grains in the bread, the higher the phosphorus and potassium content.
For example, a 1-ounce (30-gram) serving of whole wheat bread contains about 57 mg of phosphorus and 69 mg of potassium compared to white bread, which contains only 28 mg of phosphorus and potassium.
Note that most bread products, regardless of white wheat, are also relatively high in sodium.
Brown Rice
Like whole wheat bread, brown rice is a grain that is higher in potassium and phosphorus than white rice.
One cup of cooked brown rice contains 150 mg of phosphorus and 154 mg of potassium, while a cup of cooked white rice contains only 69 mg of phosphorus and 54 mg of potassium.
You can include brown rice in the diet of someone with kidney disease, but only if portions are controlled and balanced with other foods to avoid excess potassium and phosphorus intake. day.
Banana
Banana is known to be a fruit that contains high levels of potassium.
While bananas are naturally low in sodium, one medium banana provides 422 mg of potassium. Unfortunately, many other tropical fruits are high in potassium.
However, pineapple contains significantly less potassium than other tropical fruits and may be more suitable for people with kidney disease, the taste of pineapple is also quite delicious.
Chuối chứa hàm lượng kali cao không tốt cho người mắc bệnh thận
Milk
Dairy products are rich in various vitamins and nutrients. Milk is also a natural source of phosphorus and potassium, a good source of protein.
For example, 1 cup (8 liquid ounces) of whole milk provides 222 mg of phosphorus and 349 mg of potassium.
However, consuming too much dairy, in combination with other phosphorus-rich foods, can harm bone health in people with kidney disease.
This may sound surprising, as milk is often promoted because it's good for bones and muscle health.
However, when the kidneys are damaged, consuming too much phosphorus can cause a buildup of phosphorus in the blood. This can make your bones thin and weak over time, and increase your risk of bone fractures or fractures.
Dairy products are also high in protein. One cup (8 liquid ounces) of whole milk provides about 8 grams of protein. Milk should be limited to avoid the accumulation of protein waste in the blood.
You can choose alternatives, such as rice milk or almond milk with much lower potassium, phosphorus, protein content than cow's milk. With the diet, they are the perfect alternative.
Oranges and Citrus
While oranges and citrus fruits are known to be high in vitamin C and potassium.
One orange (184 grams) provides 333 mg of potassium. In addition, there are 473 mg of potassium in one cup (8 liquid ounces) of orange juice. With such a high potassium content, oranges should be avoided or limited in the diet of people with kidney problems.
Grapes, apples and cranberries, as well as their respective juices, are all good substitutes for oranges and citrus fruits, as they are lower in potassium.
Processed meat
Processed meat has long been linked to chronic diseases and is often viewed as an unhealthy food due to its preservative content and lack of nutrients. Processed meats are meats that have been salted, dried, or canned. Such as sausage, bacon, pepperoni, beef. Processed meats often contain large amounts of salt, mainly to improve flavor and preserve flavor.
Therefore, it can be difficult to keep your daily sodium intake below 2,000 mg if you include readily available processed meat in your daily diet.
In addition, processed meat is high in protein.
Thịt chế biến sẵn không tốt cho người bệnh lý thận
Pickles, Olives and Condiments (sauces, dips...)
Pickles, processed olives and other condiments are pickled foods.
Usually, a large amount of salt is added during the soaking process.
For example, a bowl of pickles (500g) can contain more than 300 mg of sodium. Likewise, there are 244 mg of sodium in 2 tablespoons of sweet pickles.
Processed olives also tend to be salty because they are processed and fermented for a more bitter taste. Pickled green olives provide about 195 mg of sodium, which is a significant portion of the daily intake in just a small serving.
Apricots
Apricots are rich in vitamin C, vitamin A and fiber. They are also rich in potassium. One cup of fresh apricots provides 427 mg of potassium ( 29 ). Moreover, the potassium content is even more concentrated in dried apricots. One cup of dried apricots provides more than 1,500 mg of potassium. It is best to avoid apricots, especially dried apricots, in your diet.
Potatoes and sweet potatoes
Potatoes and sweet potatoes are vegetables rich in potassium. Just one medium-sized potato (156 g) contains 610 mg of potassium, while a medium baked sweet potato (114 g) contains 541 mg of potassium. Fortunately, some potassium-rich foods, including potatoes and sweet potatoes, can be soaked or filtered to reduce their potassium intake. Cutting potatoes into small, thin pieces and boiling them for at least 10 minutes can reduce the potassium content by about 50%.
Potatoes that were soaked in water for at least four hours before cooking were shown to have a lower potassium content than those that were not soaked before cooking. This method is called “potassium filtration”.
Considerable amounts of potassium can still be found in cooked potatoes, so it's best to control portion sizes.
Tomato
Tomato is a vegetable with a high potassium content, so it may not be suitable for the diet. Tomatoes can be eaten raw or stewed and are often used to make sauces. Just one cup of ketchup can contain up to 900 mg of potassium. People with kidney disease should be careful when using tomatoes because tomatoes are often used in many dishes.
Người bệnh lý thận nên thận trọng khi sử dụng cà chua trong bữa ăn
Choosing alternatives with lower potassium content depends largely on your taste preferences.
Packaged, ready-to-eat and processed foods
Processed foods can be a major component of dietary sodium. Of these foods, packaged, ready-to-eat and processed foods are typically the most processed and therefore contain the most sodium.
Examples include pizza, frozen food and instant noodles.
Keeping sodium intake to 2,000 mg per day can be difficult if you are eating these foods on a regular basis. Ready-to-eat and processed foods not only contain a large amount of sodium, but also lack nutrients.
Swiss chard , Spinach and Beet Greens
Swiss chard, spinach and turnip greens are green vegetables that contain various nutrients and minerals, including potassium.
When eaten raw, the amount of potassium varies from 140-290 mg. When these vegetables are cooked, the potassium content remains the same.
For example, drinking one cup of spinach juice is equivalent to about 1 tablespoon when cooked. So, eating half a cup of cooked spinach will contain much higher amounts of potassium than half a cup of spinach juice.
Moderate consumption of Swiss chard, spinach and turnip greens is preferable to cooked ones to avoid consuming too much potassium.
Dried fruit
Raisins and prunes are common dried fruits .When fruits are dried, all their nutrients are concentrated, including potassium.
For example, one cup of prunes provides 1,274 mg of potassium, almost 3 times the amount found in a cup of fresh plums.
With significant amounts of potassium found in these common dried fruits, it's best to limit them to ensure your potassium intake remains at a safe level.
Biscuits, ready-to-eat foods
Ready-to-eat foods such as cookies, chips and cookies are often lacking in nutrients and have a fairly high salt content. In addition, we often eat more than is prescribed, thus resulting in more salt being consumed. Plus, french fries are made from potatoes, which will contain a significant amount of potassium.
Khoai tây chiên thuộc nhóm thực phẩm ăn liền không tốt cho người có bệnh thận
Dietary restrictions and nutritional recommendations will vary depending on the severity of the kidney damage.
A good kidney diet can make you feel difficult and a bit restrictive in the early stages. Therefore, you should consult with your doctor and health professional to create a diet that is specific and tailored to your individual needs.
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Reference source: healthline.com
