Guidance, counseling, care and health education for patients with coronary heart disease

Article written by BSCK II Nguyen Quoc Viet, Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine, Vinmec Danang International General Hospital

Coronary artery disease is a very common type of cardiovascular disease, caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. There are many risk factors for the disease. The treatment of coronary heart disease includes eliminating modifiable risk factors with drugs, procedures to limit the dangerous complications that the patient may have.

Coronary artery disease is usually caused by coronary atherosclerosis. Common risk factors for atherosclerosis include: high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, postmenopausal women, old age...
In the disease Coronary arteries, coronary arteries are often narrowed or blocked, so the corresponding myocardial area is not supplied with adequate blood supply. Common symptoms of coronary artery disease are angina of varying degrees, and shortness of breath with exertion or even at rest.
Treatment includes elimination of modifiable risk factors, medication, and coronary revascularization with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting. At the same time, patients are required to adhere to treatment under the guidance of specialists during their hospital stay and after discharge to prevent complications and recurrent myocardial infarction. Some issues that patients need special attention:

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1. When the patient enters the hospital

Patients and caregivers must strictly abide by the rules of the room and hospital. Maintain general hygiene, save electricity and water, do not cook in the hospital room. Do not smoke, follow a pathological diet, a low-salt diet. Visit and raise animals at the specified time, without causing noise or disorder. Adhere to treatment, wear patient's uniform as prescribed. The patient lies still in bed and is cared for by only one relative and does not cause disorder. Relatives were explained by the doctor about the disease and indicated for intervention, planning coronary intervention.

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2. During treatment

2.1. Self-monitoring

Monitor symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, little urine, constipation, insomnia, blood vessel puncture in the wrist or groin... must notify staff immediately. Cooperate with nurses when measuring blood pressure, administering medication orders as well as monitoring patients. If there are abnormal symptoms such as chest pain, bleeding from the puncture wound, difficulty breathing... or other adverse reactions after taking the drug, it must be reported to the doctor for timely handling.

2.2. Self-care, treatment, nutrition

Eat according to the pathological diet provided by the Department of Nutrition. Limit carbohydrates, fats and salt. Smoking is prohibited for family members and patients. Shower regularly, brush teeth daily. Take medicine regularly at the prescribed time, do not arbitrarily quit smoking, especially anticoagulants.

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2.3. Prevention of complications

Prevention education, treatment adherence to limit possible complications.

3. Upon discharge from the hospital

3.1. Apply positive lifestyle changes

Lose weight if overweight. Limit salt intake to 2-4g of salt per day. Limit alcohol to 15-20ml of ethanol per day. Limit fat, eat vegetable oil. Quit smoking, pipe tobacco. Eat lots of vegetables, whole grains, fortified with minerals. Avoid strong emotions, avoid sudden cold. Increase physical activity 30-45 minutes walk every day or later can do your favorite sports in the capacity of exertion. Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by the doctor

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3.2. Routine cardiology examination

Measuring blood pressure at home with an electronic device Do not hesitate to consult a doctor when necessary. Do not change or stop your medication without consulting a cardiologist. If necessary, immediately contact a specialist for advice. Periodic examination under the guidance of a specialist. When chest pain comes back or has unusual symptoms, you should go to the hospital or consult a specialist for timely treatment. To protect cardiovascular health in general and detect early signs of cardiovascular disease, customers can sign up for Cardiovascular Screening Package - Basic Cardiovascular Examination of Vinmec International General Hospital. The examination package helps to detect cardiovascular problems at the earliest through tests and modern imaging methods. The package is for all ages, genders and is especially essential for people with risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

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