Men's Contraception Options

When it comes to contraceptive options, most people will think of female methods primarily. As a result, there has been little change over the years in male contraception compared to the range of options available to women. However, researchers are still continuing to study oral contraceptives for these subjects.

Currently, in addition to abstinence from sexual activity and external ejaculation, only two male contraceptive options are available, including: condoms and vasectomy. However, both of these birth control methods offer men different options.
1.1. Condoms Condoms can work up to 98% of the time to block conception. They also work to protect both male and female partners from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like herpes and chlamydia. However, if you use condoms incorrectly every time you have sex, your chances of getting pregnant are surprisingly high. Some statistical studies estimate it in about 1 in 5 unintended pregnancies.
To ensure the effectiveness of condoms, users should:
Only use latex or polyurethane condoms that have been stored in a cool, dry place. Condoms made of sheepskin or other different materials may not protect against HIV and other viruses. Avoid carrying condoms in your wallet, or where heat and friction can damage them. Check the expiration date on the wrapper to make sure the condom is effective. A water- or silicone-based lubricant can be used in conjunction with the use of a condom. Because, these lubricants are less likely to break condoms than those using oil. Follow the correct steps to put on and take off a condom, by: placing the condom on the tip of the hard penis to remove any air that could be trapped at the tip of the condom and leave a space where sperm can be stored. translation after intercourse. The condom is worn to the base of the penis. In the absence of circumcision, pull back the foreskin before pushing down on the condom. At the end of intercourse, grasp the base of the penis and hold the condom in place while withdrawing.

1.2. Vasectomy A vasectomy is also known as male sterilization. This is also one of the male contraceptives. In this method, the surgeon cuts and knots the tubes that sperm pass through to reach the testicles. This method may be the most effective birth control option for men. Only about 15 out of 10,000 couples get pregnant in the year after a man uses this method of birth control.
After a vasectomy, it takes about 3 months for sperm-free semen. The benefits of a vasectomy, include:
It's simpler, cheaper and works better than female sterilization. After the procedure, the man can go home the same day of surgery. This method does not change the way you have sex or ejaculate. A man's semen won't be seen, smelled or felt any differently.

Some limitations of this method:
A vasectomy is a permanent process. The man may never be able to have children again. You can try methods to undo a vasectomy with another surgery, but it's unlikely to work. Along with a vasectomy, men still need to wear a condom to protect against the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). As with any surgical procedure, men have a number of problems: swelling, bleeding, infection and other complications. However, these problems are rare and usually not serious.

1.3. External sex This term includes all different types of sex or foreplay that do not involve the journey of the penis into the partner's vagina. Outside sex can be: kissing, fondling, masturbation, oral or anal sex.
This process happens as long as the man will keep his penis and semen away from his partner's vaginal area. However, this way conception is still possible. Furthermore, if you practice oral or anal sex, the risk of sexually transmitted diseases is still high.
1.4. External Ejaculation External ejaculation is also called coitus interruptus in Latin. External ejaculation is one of the oldest and simplest forms of birth control, but one of the least effective of the male contraceptive options. The method is performed in which the man pulls the penis out of the vagina before ejaculating.
With this method, it does not cause side effects and requires no cost to apply. Moreover, using this method, both men and women are not interfered with the feeling of having sex. However, this method only works when the man gets it right. That means the man must pull the penis out early enough so that no semen gets into or inside his partner's vagina. Action taken must be timely and fast enough. So it can be hard to do, especially if you're young and haven't had a lot of sex.

That's why the external ejaculation method alone is only about 78% effective. So, according to some surveys done in a given year, there are about 22 out of 100 couples who use this method of contraception and still have an unwanted pregnancy as a result. Furthermore, external ejaculation does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

There are many ongoing research projects into different male contraceptive methods. The researchers are optimistic that a safe, effective and reversible male contraceptive will eventually become a reality, although this is still several years away.
There are two main areas of research into male contraception:
Hormonal methods of contraception: the use of synthetic (man-made) hormones to temporarily stop the growth of healthy sperm. The goal of this study was to find a way to temporarily block the effects of testosterone so that the testicles stop producing healthy sperm cells. However, this needs to be achieved without lowering testosterone levels to the point of causing side effects, such as loss of sex drive.
Non-hormonal methods of contraception: techniques used to prevent healthy sperm from entering a woman's vagina. This method is currently being studied in relation to the vas deferens. The vas deferens are tubes that sperm pass through on their way to the penis. This tube is cut during a vasectomy.

Reverse sperm suppression (RISUG) is a technique that uses non-toxic synthetic chemicals that are injected into the vas deferens. The chemicals react and block the vas deferens. At the same time, it also works to destroy sperm when they come into contact with it. This chemical is effective almost immediately after it is injected. The chemical is left in place where it was injected until the man decides he wants to have children. It can then be washed away using another injection that dissolves and ejects from the vas deferens.
Another technique is the intravascular device (IVD). This method involves injecting a "plug" into the removed vas deferens. The IVD filters the sperm as it passes through the vas deferens.

Initial results for RISUG and IVD are both very promising, but more research is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of both techniques.
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References: webmd.com, nhs.uk