What to do in case of vaginal bleeding?

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Nguyen Thu Hoai - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec Times City International Hospital.

Vaginal bleeding is a normal physiological phenomenon if it occurs during menstruation. But if bleeding outside the menstrual cycle can be a warning sign of gynecological disease or damage to the private area that women are experiencing. Therefore, women need to pay attention to be proactive in protecting their health.
1. What is Vaginal Bleeding? This is abnormal bleeding in the female reproductive organs, blood can flow from the vulva, the base of the hymen or from the vagina, cervix or uterus.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from the lower genitalia that is not related to the normal menstrual cycle.

Vaginal bleeding symptoms vary greatly depending on the type of disease, can be more or less, can last for a few days or even a few weeks, can be accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, itching, urinary disorders, etc. pain during sex , ... Some cases of bleeding are very subtle , can occur at the time of menstruation but less or more . Therefore, it is only when paying attention to realize the abnormality. In addition, abnormal vaginal bleeding can also occur during pregnancy or perimenopause or menopause.
2. Causes of vaginal bleeding Hormonal disorders Imbalance between estrogen and progesterone hormones is the natural cause of vaginal bleeding, menstrual disorders. To know for sure, women should do endocrine tests, ultrasound evaluation of the uterine lining to check. Ovulation dysfunction When the ovary secretes the hormone estrogen but fails to ovulate, the corpus luteum is formed and cannot secrete the hormone progesterone, causing the endometrium to proliferate, shed abnormally, and bleed, causing bleeding. less in the vagina.
Use of hormonal drugs The use of daily oral contraceptives and progestin-containing emergency contraceptive pills can cause mild vaginal bleeding, scattered for a few days but can last for several weeks when used medicine. If you stop taking the medicine and there is no longer any bleeding in the vagina, then it is highly likely that it is simply a side effect of the drug.
Due to perforation of the same vagina When the sexual partner does sex too violently, causing women to tear and bleed profusely during sex or after sex, this is more common in postpartum and vaginal cases. of soft vulnerable women. The bleeding is bright red blood, clotted blood, clotted blood, profuse discharge accompanied by symptoms of lower abdominal pain. If you lose a lot of blood, it will make you dizzy, lose a lot of blood and need prompt medical intervention.
Postpartum After childbirth, a small amount of blood is left over (plaque ). Normally, the discharge usually disappears about 3-4 weeks after giving birth, the amount of blood is usually less, gradually changing from bright red to brown, light pink and disappears after 4 weeks. If bleeding lasts longer than postpartum, blood clots or sudden increase in volume are unusual symptoms that need immediate medical attention.
Due to abortion, miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy After an abortion, miscarriage will have vaginal bleeding for a few days to 1-2 weeks depending on the gestational age when abortion, when miscarriage. Similar to the case of postpartum, if abnormal bleeding lasts for a long time, has a lot of blood or has a bad smell, maybe even a fever, there is a risk of infection, stillbirth, retained placenta or some other serious problems after birth. abortion.

In addition, if bleeding during pregnancy, women need to go to the hospital immediately for examination. Fresh bleeding in the intimate area during pregnancy can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, threatened miscarriage, placenta previa,... Abnormal bleeding during pregnancy is an extremely dangerous sign. .
Due to gynecological infections Cervicitis is one of the causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, common after sex. If not treated in time, the disease can affect the fertility of women. Vaginal bleeding due to gynecological infection

Due to the contraceptive device The wrong placement of the IUD causes abnormal bleeding from the vagina and cervix of women. In addition to vaginal bleeding, there is also pain in the lower abdomen.

Due to gynecological diseases Uterine fibroids, cervical polyps, endometritis, cervical cancer also cause abnormal bleeding. Accompanying symptoms may be pain in the lower abdomen, urinary disorders, menstrual disorders, infertility, ...
Due to physical diseases Thyroid disease, primary ovarian failure, diabetes mellitus, Thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, dengue fever, lymphedema, prolonged use of anticoagulants, corticosteroids, ... make the blood clotting function in the body difficult, causing blood spots to appear in the intimate area. . In addition, stress, stress due to work pressure, life can also lead to menstrual disorders.
3. So what to do when vaginal bleeding is abnormal? Women should not be too worried but should not be subjective with their situation. See your doctor as soon as possible for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Vaginal bleeding in the following cases requires immediate emergency care: Pregnant, bleeding with a lot of abdominal pain and missed periods, bleeding with shock, bleeding a lot with clots...
In addition, women It is necessary to have a reasonable lifestyle, rest and periodic health check to be proactive in protecting their personal health.
At Vinmec International General Hospital, there is a BASIC Gynecological Examination and Screening PACKAGE, which helps customers detect early infectious diseases for easy and inexpensive treatment. In addition, you can also be screened and detected early for gynecological cancer (cervical cancer) even if you do not have symptoms.