Symptoms outside the stomach when infected with Helicobacter pylori

Article written by Master - Doctor Mai Vien Phuong - Head of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit - Department of Medical Examination and Internal Medicine - Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.

Once in the gastrointestinal tract, Helicobacter pylori is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstones, and cholecystitis. Lower serum iron and vitamin B12 concentrations have also been found in patients with H. pylori infection, leading to the development of ischemia in some.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach environment and has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. However, since the 80s of the last century, the relationship between this type of infection and extra-gastric manifestations has also been studied; such as inflammatory bowel disease , iron and B12 deficiency , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , hepatocellular carcinoma , multiple sclerosis , Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome .

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in the stomach environment of 60.3% of the world's population, and the prevalence of this bacterium is especially high in countries with socio-economic conditions. worse, exceeding 80% in some regions of the world. This phenomenon occurs in part due to the unsatisfactory basic sanitation and high population numbers observed in many less developed countries, which are favorable “scenarios” for transmissible transmission. oral and fecal route of H. pylori.
Another route of transmission of this pathogen that is currently being discussed is the sexual route, as H. pylori infected individuals (who have a positive sexual partner) have a higher infection rate than the control group. It is well established that this microorganism is mainly involved in the development of gastrointestinal disorders, prominently peptic ulcer, mucosal connective tissue lymphoma and carcinoma. gastric glandular tissue. However, since the 1980s, there has been increasing evidence to suggest such infection with some extragastric manifestations.

Notes: CV: Cardiology; IBD: Intestinal disease; ITP: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; GBS: Guillain-Barré syndrome; IDA: Iron deficiency anemia; RGE: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; PD: Parkinson's disease; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; AD: Alzheimer's disease; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

In this context, H. pylori infection is thought to influence the onset and severity of disease from a variety of organ systems, acting as a risk factor for several disorders but also playing a role acts as a protective agent against certain conditions.
H. pylori infection appears to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstones, and gallstones. cholecystitis . In addition, serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiency is thought to be exacerbated or even, caused by H. pylori itself. In addition, ocular, dermatological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases are also associated with this microorganism. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori and possible pathogenesis of these diseases:

Orange is a risk indicator for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The blue color represents the protective association of H. pylori bacteria. Gray is the expression with dichotomous association.

Although H. pylori infection is often associated with gastric manifestations, increasing evidence is drawing attention to its role in extragastric diseases. Understanding how this bacterium affects extragastroduodenal disorders may shed light on unknowns in their pathophysiology and may shed new light on therapeutic targets in the management of gastrointestinal disorders. control these conditions.

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References: luanvanyhoc.com, benhvienthienmy.com, Khoay.tvu.edu.vn, vi.wikiqube.net
References: Santos MLC, de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Sampaio MM, Marques HS, Oliveira e Silva N, de Magalhaes Queiroz DM, de Melo FF. Helicobacter pylori infection: Beyond gastric manifestations. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(28): 4076-4093 [PMID: 32821071 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4076]