Laryngotracheal stenosis is a narrowing of the larynx or trachea, usually caused by scarring or congenital abnormalities (e.g. congenital abnormalities of the tracheal cartilages). Mild laryngotracheal stenosis usually causes no symptoms. However, if the narrowing is greater than 50% of the airway circumference, it can lead to serious complications.

Congenital malformations of the lungs, trachea and bronchi can affect the quality of life or even take the life of the patient.

The mediastinum is a part of the chest, containing organs that play an extremely important role, vital to the body.

Lung-tracheal-bronchial malformations are divided according to the developmental morphology of congenital malformations. Respiratory malformations include: lung malformations, tracheobronchial malformations, malformations of the pulmonary vascular and lymphatic systems, and benign tumors of the lungs and bronchi.