Currently, there is no single test or observation that is sufficiently reliable to diagnose sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, so a combination of clinical and biochemical, radiological, and manometry is required. sphincter.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of pain syndromes caused by abnormalities in the sphincter's ability to contract. There is a link between sphincter of Oddi disorder and chronic pancreatitis, however, it is not clear whether this is a cause-and-effect relationship.

Vater papillary sphincteric stenosis is a clinical syndrome, most patients are middle-aged women, have undergone cholecystectomy, intermittent pain associated with abnormal liver function tests or serum amylase, possibly associated with biliary dilatation.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (sphincter of Oddi disorder) is the term used to describe a heterogeneous group of pain syndromes caused by abnormalities in the sphincter's ability to contract. Disorders of the biliary and pancreatic sphincter of Oddi are classified as type I, II, or III, according to the Milwaukee classification. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction appears to increase the risk of acute pancreatitis as well as the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis by more than 30%.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of pain syndromes caused by abnormalities in the sphincter's ability to contract. Disorders of the biliary and pancreatic sphincter of Oddi are classified into categories I, II, or III, according to the Milwaukee classification.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography allows visualization and feeling of firmness (hard-soft) of the great duodenal papilla, assessing the function of the sphincter of Oddi by sphincter of Oddi manometry and radiographic imaging of organs. in the duct may be affected by papillary stenosis.

A classification system for sphincteric dysfunction as a structural abnormality was established in 1988. Originally known as the Hogan-Geenan classification of sphincteric dysfunction, it was later modified to the Milwaukee classification to Classify patients with sphincter dysfunction into categories 1, 2, and 3 based on clinical presentation as well as laboratory or imaging abnormalities.

The etiology of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is usually due to local scarring secondary to gallstone removal or surgical manipulation or to inflammatory invasion from a nearby duodenal ulcer or suprapapillary pancreatitis. Whether or not primary papillary stenosis is present is controversial although the historical finding of adenitis is likely to be the cause.